Diet & Nutrition

Smart stethoscope for cardiac auscultation in general practice: a prospective feasibility study of AI-assisted detection of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and valvular heart disease

Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) enabled digital stethoscopes combine phonocardiography and electrocardiography to support detection of cardiac rhythm and structural abnormalities. This study evaluated the feasibility and exploratory diagnostic performance of AI guided cardiac auscultation during routine general practice consultations and home visits. Methods: In this prospective feasibili...

Insulin resistance modifies longitudinal multi-omics responses to habitual diet

How habitual diet influences the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome across insulin resistance states remains unclear. We conducted year-long multi-omics profiling of 71 deeply phenotyped adults, integrating repeated assessments of diet, metabolome, gut microbiome, clinical laboratory measures, and inflammatory markers. Using gold-standard insulin suppression tests and machine learning-derived di...

ChatGPT with Mixed-Integer Linear Programming for Precision Nutrition Recommendations

Background: The growing interest in applying artificial intelligence in personalized nutrition is challenged by the complex nature of dietary advice t...

Decoding the metabolic blockade effect: PFAS inhibition of organic anion transporters impairs VOC clearance and amplifies neurocognitive decline

The co-occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial environments poses complex toxicol...

Genomics link obesity and type 2 diabetes to Alzheimer's disease to unveil novel biological insights

Body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated cardiometabolic features modify Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, yet shared mechanisms remai...

Comp2Comp: Open-Source Software with FDA-Cleared Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Computed Tomography Image Analysis

Artificial intelligence allows automatic extraction of imaging biomarkers from already-acquired radiologic images. This paradigm of opportunistic imag...

Patient foundation model for risk stratification in low-risk overweight patients

Accurate risk stratification in patients with overweight or obesity is critical for guiding preventive care and allocating high-cost therapies such as...

A high-fat hypertensive diet induces a coordinated perturbation signature across cell types in thoracic perivascular adipose tissue

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), an intriguing layer of fat surrounding blood vessels, regulates vascular tone and mediates vascular dysfunction th...

Explainable Machine Learning Framework for Predicting Cardiometabolic Risk Using Meal Timing and Eating Habits

Background- Eating timing and regularity represent new contributors to metabolic health, however, the time-based aspect of eating behavior is rarely i...

Gold Exploration using Representations from a Multispectral Autoencoder

Satellite imagery is employed for large-scale prospectivity mapping due to the high cost and typically limited availability of on-site mineral explora...

Interpretable Lifestyle-Based Machine Learning Models for Ten-Year Cardiovascular Risk Prediction using data from the UK Biobank

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. In clinical practice, 10-year risk prediction t...

Generation of Synthetic Data in Health Surveys Using Large Language Models

Background: Generating synthetic data using artificial intelligence, such as large language models (LLMs), is a useful strategy in public health becau...

Multi-omic deep learning identifies exercise-responsive ageing pathways in humans

Genome-wide association studies of physical activity traits have mapped numerous loci, yet the molecular mechanisms through which exercise influences ...

Phenotypic differentiation between highland and coastal quinoa under cold stress conditions

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a genetically diverse Andean crop valued for its nutrition and adaptability to varied agro-climatic conditions w...

HyDeMiC: A Deep Learning-based Mineral Classifier using Hyperspectral Data

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has emerged as a powerful remote sensing tool for mineral exploration, capitalizing on unique spectral signatures of miner...

Clinical and Cross-Domain Validation of an LLM-Guided, Literature-Based Gene Prioritization Framework

Background: We previously published a literature based pipeline for sepsis gene prioritization (PS3 and candidate genes) using an LLM enabled retrieva...

Using Natural Language Processing of Clinical Notes to Supplement Structured Electronic Health Record Data for Phenotyping Smoking and Obesity in a Healthcare System

Purpose: Studies based on electronic health records (EHR) often rely on structured data, which may incompletely capture important clinical phenotypes ...

Early Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Using Multimodal data and Tabular Transformers

This study introduces a novel approach for early Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk prediction using a tabular transformer (TabTrans) architecture t...

Step-by-Step Causality: Transparent Causal Discovery with Multi-Agent Tree-Query and Adversarial Confidence Estimation

Causal discovery aims to recover ``what causes what'', but classical constraint-based methods (e.g., PC, FCI) suffer from error propagation, and recen...

Call category classification of the isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations emitted by BTBR TItpr3/J mouse pups exposed to different perinatal diets.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors/restricted interests that may be diagnose...