Emergency Medicine

Organ-Aware Attention Improves CT Triage and Classification

There is an urgent need for triage and classification of high-volume medical imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), which can improve patient care and mitigate radiologist burnout. Study-level CT triage requires calibrated predictions with localized evidence; however, off-the-shelf Vision Language Models (VLM) struggle with 3D anatomy, protocol shifts, and noisy report supervision. T...

Explainable histomorphology-based survival prediction of glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype

Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (GBM-IDHwt) is the most common malignant brain tumor. Histomorphology is a crucial component of the integrated diagnosis of GBM-IDHwt. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have shown promise to extract additional prognostic information from histological whole-slide images (WSI) of hematoxylin and eosin-stained glioblastoma tissue. Here, we present an explainable AI-based...

Creating a scalable CT yield metric for pulmonary embolisms in the emergency department using an open-source large language model

BackgroundCT scans are the gold-standard diagnostic test for pulmonary embolisms (PE). Despite stable PE prevalence, CT use is rising in emergency dep...

Predictive Modeling of Healthcare Workers' Priorities of WHO 2030 Key Activities for Snakebite Prevention and Control in Ghana

Snakebite is a neglected public health problem that results in significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating the World Health Organization (WHO) ...

Suicide- and crisis-risk detection using large language models in mental-health chatbots

ObjectiveLarge language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in mental-health chatbots, yet safe deployment is limited by two unresolved challenges...

Achieving Expert-Level Clinical Infection Detection with LLMs from Clinical Documents: Validation in Complex Patient Cases with Cirrhosis

BackgroundSystemic infections are a leading cause of hospitalization and death among patients with cirrhosis. Timely and accurate infection identifica...

Utilizing artificial intelligence and medical experts to identify predictors for common diagnoses in dyspneic adults: A cross-sectional study of consecutive emergency department patients from Southern Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: Half of all adult emergency department (ED) visits with a complaint of dyspnea involve acute heart failure (AHF), exacerbation of chronic o...

Predicting in vitro assays related to liver function using probabilistic machine learning.

While machine learning has gained traction in toxicological assessments, the limited data availability requires the quantification of uncertainty of i...

Antibacterial, Antifreezing, and Tough Electronic Skin Based on a Tanned Collagen Fiber Network for Underwater Grabber Application.

The environment of underwater salvage is very special, and many factors such as real-time water conditions, the depth of salvage, and the complexity o...

Wrist bone segmentation in X-ray images using CT-based simulations

Plain X-ray is one of the most common image modalities for clinical diagnosis (e.g. bone fracture, pneumonia, cancer screening, etc.). X-ray image s...

Digital Wargames to Enhance Military Medical Evacuation Decision-Making

Medical evacuation is one of the United States Army's most storied and critical mission sets, responsible for efficiently and expediently evacuating...

Bleeding risk assessment tools in patients with atrial fibrillation taking anticoagulants: a comparative review and clinical implications.

INTRODUCTION: Bleeding risk assessment plays a critical role in the anticoagulation management for atrial fibrillation (AF), to balance stroke prevent...

Interfacial Insights and Remediation Strategies through Molecular Dynamics Probing of Nanoparticle Interactions in Cementitious Matrices: A Review.

Enhancing the performance and longevity of cementitious nanocomposites requires a comprehensive understanding of the interfacial interactions between ...

RAM-W600: A Multi-Task Wrist Dataset and Benchmark for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that has been the focus of research in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and disease monitorin...

CLIP-Guided Backdoor Defense through Entropy-Based Poisoned Dataset Separation

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are susceptible to backdoor attacks, where adversaries poison training data to implant backdoor into the victim model. C...

The Joys of Categorical Conformal Prediction

Conformal prediction (CP) is an Uncertainty Representation technique that delivers finite-sample calibrated prediction regions for any underlying Ma...

Addressing The Devastating Effects Of Single-Task Data Poisoning In Exemplar-Free Continual Learning

Our research addresses the overlooked security concerns related to data poisoning in continual learning (CL). Data poisoning - the intentional manip...

An Advanced Deep Learning Framework for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Brain Stroke Diagnosis Using Computed Tomography (CT) Images

Brain stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, highlighting the need for precise and fast prediction tec...

How Weight Resampling and Optimizers Shape the Dynamics of Continual Learning and Forgetting in Neural Networks

Recent work in continual learning has highlighted the beneficial effect of resampling weights in the last layer of a neural network (``zapping"). Al...

Geometry of orofacial neuromuscular signals: speech articulation decoding using surface electromyography.

In this article, we present data and methods for decoding speech articulations using surface electromyogram (EMG) signals. EMG-based speech neuroprost...