Exercise & Fitness

Internal state dynamically gates task-specific attractor dynamics in prefrontal cortex

Internal states such as motivation and task engagement influence cognitive functions. Working memory, which maintains information over time, is an essential component of cognition and is modulated by motivation. Here, we show motivational states modulated attractor dynamics that supported working memory. Combining population recordings from mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with data-constrain...

AI-assisted improvement of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase using an Ensemble of Protein Language Models

{beta}-galactosidases (BGs) are essential enzymes widely used in the food industry, particularly in the production of lactose-free products. Among them, the BG from Aspergillus oryzae is of industrial relevance due to its activity at acidic pH and moderate thermal tolerance. However, enhancing its catalytic performance remains a key challenge. Traditional enzyme engineering methods are time-consum...

ToxCastLite: A portable semantic evidence graph linking in vitro bioactivity, in vivo toxicity, and exposure-use context

Motivation: The ToxCast database is a valuable resource for computational toxicology and new approach methodologies (NAMs), but the approximately 100G...

Factors Influencing Vitamin D Status in Guiyang, China: A Random Forest and SHAP Analysis

Objective To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in a health examination population in Guiyang, a low-latitude, high-altitude, and cloud...

Real-time hip biomechanics from smart garments via a physics-informed neural network

Tissue-level mechanical stimuli are primary drivers of tissue adaptation and can be optimised during conservative treatments to improve treatment outc...

Overweight status drives early tumor microenvironment reprogramming in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a cell-type-resolved Bayesian hierarchical modeling and interactome analysis

Background: Obesity significantly increases the risk of prognosis and clinical outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). While research on ...

CUOREMA: Immersive Bio & Behavioral Feedback and Digital Interventions for Cardiac Rehabilitation - Exploratory Analysis

Cardiac rehabilitation is critical for secondary prevention, yet long-term adherence remains low. We present CUOREMA, a new personalized mobile health...

Pathway-Centric Integration of CRISPR Fitness with Molecular Features Draws Cancer State Maps

Cancer cells display heterogeneous pathway activity that shapes therapeutic vulnerability, but mapping it remains challenging. Transcriptomic scores d...

Classic machine learning on top of multiple position weight matrices improves genomic prediction of transcription factor binding sites

Motivation: DNA motifs recognised by transcription factors are typically represented as position weight matrices (PWMs), assuming independent contribu...

Estimation of Physiological Metrics from Resting ECGs Using Deep Learning in the UK Biobank, Including submaximal exercise derived VO2max, Body Fat Percentage, and Grip Strength

Maximal oxygen consumption VO2max is the gold standard for cardiorespiratory fitness but requires resource-intensive physical testing. Recent reports ...

Interpretable neural networks prioritize cancer driver genes from genome-wide dependency landscapes

Identifying cancer driver genes and their therapeutic impact remains a core challenge in computational cancer biology. We introduce xNNDriver and xAED...

CT Attenuation Map Derived Body Composition Is Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Multicenter External Validation

Aim: Exercise capacity is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular risk. In patients unable to exercise, body composition analysis can potentially be us...

A universal taxonomic and functional human gut microbiome model for disease classification and phenotype discovery

The human gut microbiome is a powerful indicator of host health, yet its compositional nature, high sparsity, and inter-individual variability complic...

Use of Large Language Models by U.S. Adults to Support Exercise: A Survey Study

Background: Large Language Model (LLM) chatbots are increasingly used for exercise and fitness topics, yet users' experience with these tools remains ...

Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease Risk Factors from Retinal Images via Deep Learning: Development and Validation of Biologically Relevant Morphological Associations in the UK Biobank

The systemic, metabolic, lifestyle factors have established associations with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) through epidemiologic and AD-specific biomarker...

Unpaired Image Deraining Using Reward-Guided Self-Reinforcement Strategy

Unsupervised deraining has attracted attention for its ability to learn the real-world distribution of rain without paired supervision. However, the l...

Machine Learning-Assisted Feature Selection Identifies the Joint Association of Body Mass Index and Periaortic Adipose Tissue as a Risk Factor for Aortic Dissection: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

BACKGROUND: Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening emergency with high mortality. Although elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with bot...

AttriBE: Quantifying Attribute Expressivity in Body Embeddings for Recognition and Identification

Person re-identification (ReID) systems that match individuals across images or video frames are essential in many real-world applications. However, e...

Exploring Remote Photoplethysmography for Neonatal Pain Detection from Facial Videos

Unaddressed pain in neonates can lead to adverse effects, including delayed development and slower weight gain, emphasising the need for more objectiv...

Development of Explainable Machine Learning Framework for Early Detection and Risk Stratification of Diabetes in Age Specific Variations

Objective To develop and evaluate a novel machine learning (ML) framework tailored to a clinical diabetes dataset and to assess whether demographic st...