Gastroenterology

Polyketides and alkaloids from the fungus YB4-17 and -Fumiquinazoline J induce apoptosis, paraptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies. The currently available clinical drugs for HCC frequently cause serious side effects and the treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory. It is urgent to develop effective drugs with high selectivity and low adverse effects for HCC. Metabolites produced by microorganisms have shown great potential in the development of therapeutic ag...

Single-Port Three-Dimensional Endoscopic-Assisted Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (S-P 3D E-ALND): Surgical Technique and Preliminary Results.

Endoscopic-assisted breast surgery (EABS) provides better cosmetic outcomes for breast cancer patients with small incisions in an inconspicuous area. However, an extended incision and heavy assistant retraction are usually required for an adequate exposure for conventional axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Therefore, we propose an innovative single-port three-dimensional endoscopic-assisted ...

Explainable machine learning identifies a polygenic risk score as a key predictor of pancreatic cancer risk in the UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: Predicting the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is of paramount importance, given its high mortality rate. Curre...

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Patient Selection for Preoperative Portal Vein Embolization for Patients with Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.

PURPOSE: To develop a machine learning algorithm to improve hepatic resection selection for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) by predic...

Identification of structural stability and fragility of mouse liver glycogen via label-free Raman spectroscopy coupled with convolutional neural network algorithm.

Glycogen structure is closely associated with its physiological functions. Previous studies confirmed that liver glycogen structure had two dominant s...

Liver tumor segmentation method combining multi-axis attention and conditional generative adversarial networks.

In modern medical imaging-assisted therapies, manual annotation is commonly employed for liver and tumor segmentation in abdominal CT images. However,...

DLLabelsCT: Annotation tool using deep transfer learning to assist in creating new datasets from abdominal computed tomography scans, case study: Pancreas.

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) is expanding significantly within medical research and, to some extent, in clinical practice. Deep lea...

Computed Tomography Scan and Clinical-based Complete Response Prediction in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Machine Learning Approach.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) involves neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), followed by total mesorectal excision. E...

Predicting chemotherapy responsiveness in gastric cancer through machine learning analysis of genome, immune, and neutrophil signatures.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is a major oncological challenge, ranking highly among causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. This study was initiat...

Deep learning-assisted colonoscopy images for prediction of mismatch repair deficiency in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability is a major predictive biomarker for the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors o...

Current Status and Future Directions of Research on Artificial Intelligence in Nasopharyngolaryngoscopy.

BACKGROUND: The nasopharyngolaryngoscopy (NPL) has emerged as a valuable tool for detecting early cases of head and neck cancers. However, misdiagnose...

Comparison of deep learning schemes in grading non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using B-mode ultrasound hepatorenal window images with liver biopsy as the gold standard.

BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the performance of pre-trained deep learning schemes (DLS) in hepatic steatosis (HS) grading of Non-Alcoholic Fat...

Cytokine profiles as predictors of HIV incidence using machine learning survival models and statistical interpretable techniques.

HIV remains a critical global health issue, with an estimated 39.9 million people living with the virus worldwide by the end of 2023 (according to WHO...

Automated Detection of Gastrointestinal Diseases Using Resnet50*-Based Explainable Deep Feature Engineering Model with Endoscopy Images.

This work aims to develop a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) named ResNet50* to detect various gastrointestinal diseases using a new ResNet50*...

SSL-CPCD: Self-Supervised Learning With Composite Pretext-Class Discrimination for Improved Generalisability in Endoscopic Image Analysis.

Data-driven methods have shown tremendous progress in medical image analysis. In this context, deep learning-based supervised methods are widely popul...

Development and validation of a deep learning model for predicting gastric cancer recurrence based on CT imaging: a multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: The postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer (GC) has a significant impact on the overall prognosis of patients. Therefore, accurately...

Machine learning to predict lymph node metastasis in T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Existing models do poorly when it comes to quantifying the risk of lymph node metastases (LNM). This study aimed to develop a machine-lear...

Surgical Insight-guided Deep Learning for Colorectal Lesion Management.

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy stands as a pivotal diagnostic tool in identifying gastrointestinal diseases, including potentially malignant tumors. The proc...

Computed tomography-based fully automated artificial intelligence model to predict extrapancreatic perineural invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Extrapancreatic perineural invasion (EPNI) increases the risk of postoperative recurrence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This...

Construction and validation of a machine learning-based prediction model for short-term mortality in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE: Critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis generally have a poor prognosis due to complications such as multiple organ failure. This stud...