Geriatrics

Clinically altered brain activity may not look like aged brain activity: Implications for brain-age modeling and biomarker strategies.

INTRODUCTION: Brain-age gap (BAG), the difference between predicted age and chronological age, is studied as a biomarker for the natural progression of neurodegeneration. The BAG captures brain atrophy as measured with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Electroencephalography (EEG) has also been explored for estimating the BAG (EEG-BAG). However, studies showed mixed results for the EEG-...

Impact of Commercial Artificial Intelligence on Radiologist Reading Time for Pulmonary Nodule Evaluation at Chest CT.

Background Chest CT is a primary method for identifying pulmonary nodules, yet interpreting scans remains time-intensive and demanding. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to reduce reading times, but the effect of AI on reporting times in this setting is unknown. Purpose To evaluate the impact of a commercial AI software on radiologists' reading time for pulmonary nodule assessmen...

Feasibility of a Stool State Check App Using AI During Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy: Multicenter Prospective Study (SCAN Study).

BACKGROUND: Optimal bowel preparation (BP) is crucial for a successful colonoscopy. Although multiple factors influence BP quality, including patient ...

Utilizing BERTopic modeling for concept discovery in the domain of gerotranscendence and solitude.

BACKGROUND: Ontology development is a complex, iterative process that traditionally requires extensive collaboration between ontology developers and s...

Bridging Machine Learning and Event-Based Analyses to Assess Maternal Contingent Responses to Infant Nondistress and Distress Vocalizations From Home Audio Recordings.

Caregiver-infant vocal interactions are foundational for early development, yet most evidence is derived from brief laboratory or home-visit observati...

Written in the Stars: Astrocyte Biology From Evolution to Disease.

In the 21st century, neuroglial research has entered a period of Renaissance, extending the views of prominent neuroanatomists and neurologists of the...

Exploring Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Patient-Reported Experience Measures in Cardiovascular Value-Based Healthcare.

The use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Patient-Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) healthcare is an...

Development of a Multimodal Machine Learning Model for Predicting Second Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.

PURPOSE: Osteoporosis increases the probability of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF), and the resultant pain severely limits physica...

Beam geometry optimization and convergence mode evaluation for knowledge-based planning of hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy: A cross-platform study with quantitative scorecard assessment.

BACKGROUND: Hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) is used to treat brain metastases while preserving cognitive function by sparing ...

Artificial intelligence-enabled causal estimate of Medicare drug plan integration in cancer care: A doubly robust machine learning instrumental variable analysis.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) methods are increasingly used to strengthen policy evaluation in managed care pharmacy. Among Medicare benefi...

Development and Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Predicting ICU-Acquired Weakness in Postoperative Patients.

BACKGROUND: ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is a common and debilitating complication among critically ill patients, particularly those undergoing majo...

Multisite Implementation of a Digital Wound Model of Care: A Post-Implementation Multimethods Evaluation of Patient and Clinician Perspectives and Lessons Learned.

This study evaluated district-wide implementation of a digital wound model of care combining an artificial intelligence-enabled application with a vir...

Real-world clinical impact of implementing and updating a deep learning-based automatic contouring system in rectal cancer radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Accurate delineation of target volumes and organs-at-risk (OARs) is a critical yet labor-intensive component of rectal cancer radiotherapy...

Unsupervised Ensemble Learning for Active Drug-Induced Liver Injury Surveillance: Integrating Pharmacokinetic Burden With Enzyme Trajectories.

PURPOSE: Traditional drug-induced liver injury (DILI) surveillance relying on static laboratory thresholds frequently misses early kinetic evolution. ...

Cross-tissue immune profiling of APOE ε4 reveals early dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease.

INTRODUCTION: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its contribution to disease...

Transient Elevation and Subsequent Normalization of Brain Age Gap During the Postpartum Period.

The postpartum period involves substantial brain changes, but whether these represent pathological aging or adaptive plasticity remains unclear. We ap...

A strategic pathway for the ethical development of AI tools in dementia care.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly entering dementia clinical practice, offering opportunities across the care continuum. However, cognitive decl...

Artificial Intelligence Based Skin Analysis Models for Predicting Visual Grades and Device Measured Physiological Values From Facial Images.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-based skin assessment framework capable of predicting both dermato...

Elevated endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 as a novel Alzheimer's disease biomarker associated with neuroinflammation and Aβ pathology.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically defined by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, hyperphos...

Visual representation bias in artificial intelligence-generated depictions of anesthesia, pain, and intensive care professionals.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the demographic and hierarchical representation biases in artificial intelligence-generated depictions of healthcare professional...