Health Policy

Causal Machine Learning for Personalized Surgical Decision-Making in Aortic Dissection: A National Fairness-Aware Clinical AI Framework.

BACKGROUND: Most machine learning models for aortic dissection predict mortality but do not address treatment-effect heterogeneity, fairness, or bedside implementation. We developed a causal-inference-informed framework integrating prediction, heterogeneous treatment-effect estimation, fairness auditing, and individualized risk-benefit profiling. METHODS: Using 2016-2022 HCUP NIS discharge data, w...

Assessment of lake water quality status based on Sentinel-2 images, location information, and machine learning algorithms.

Assessing lake water quality is essential for ecological protection, public health, resource management, and policymaking. Traditional approaches assess water quality at specific sampling points or localized areas, failing to represent the lake's overall condition. To improve this, the study combines measured water quality parameters with the entropy weight method to create the entropy-weighted wa...

Uncertainty aware and explainable construction cost prediction using a hybrid probabilistic learning model.

This paper presents a unified probabilistic framework for construction cost forecasting, NGBoost-ETR (Natural Gradient Boosting with Extra Trees base ...

Physics-based simulation of ultrasound propagation from MRI volumes for cross-modal breast imaging.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of breast tissue is often used to definitively diagnose breast cancer due to its high soft-tissue contras...

Artificial intelligence in pediatric nursing and its education: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) transforms healthcare delivery by improving patient outcomes and operational efficiencies. In pediatric nursi...

Quality, Empathy, and Readability of AI Chatbot Responses to the Survivorship Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults With Melanoma: Evaluation Study.

BACKGROUND: Melanoma, a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, is the second most common type of cancer for adolescent and young adult (AYA, ages 15-3...

Capacity building for ethical use of artificial intelligence in health: protocol for a scoping review of training initiatives and gaps in Africa.

INTRODUCTION: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in health systems, with applications spanning diagnostic imaging, clinical decisio...

Cost-effective assessment of effluent COD and total nitrogen using routine online monitoring data: a hybrid deep learning strategy.

Reliable assessment of effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) is essential for regulatory compliance and operational optimizati...

A low-cost automated platform for fast and accurate pH control via physics-informed active learning.

The precise adjustment of pH in complex buffered systems represents a critical process in chemical synthesis and biopharmaceutical development. Howeve...

Ten-Year Trends in Healthcare Use and Costs for People Living with Diabetes in France: Results from the Epicodiab Study Based on National Claims Data.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes remains a global public health concern, with increased prevalence and a significant economic burden. Yet, most studies do not d...

Leveraging Machine Learning to Predict Mental Health Referral Follow-up Among US Military Personnel.

BACKGROUND: Noncompliance with mental health referrals among US military personnel remains a significant barrier to care. Operational deployments and ...

Man vs. machine: Multi-country experimental evidence on the quality and perceptions of AI-generated research blog content.

Academic research is not always available in a form that is accessible or engaging to a non-academic audience, hindering readers' engagement with it. ...

Modeling diarrhea in children under five in Somaliland: A machine learning analysis using SLDHS 2020 data.

BACKGROUND: Diarrhea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age, particularly in low- and middle-income...

Tspan4+ fibroblasts facilitate the development of NECSO in myocardial ischemia reperfusion through migrasomes-mediated Tnf-α autocrine and cardiomyocytes aldosterone generation.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is the preferred treatment for acute myocardial infarction, yet it still results in cardiomyocytes (CMs) injury....

A cost-sensitive multiclass machine learning framework for postoperative neurosurgical triage (Neuro-TACTIC).

Postoperative placement of patients into a regular ward, an intermediate-care unit (IMC), or an intensive care unit (ICU) is critical for balancing pa...

Digital diagnostics, biomarkers and therapeutics in an evolving healthcare system: From promise to practice.

Health care is shifting towards a digital-guided system, integrating digital diagnostics, biomarkers and therapeutics in many care pathways. However, ...

Deep learning reconstruction enables accelerated T2-weighted MRI for rectal cancer staging: a prospective study of diagnostic consistency across NEX value reduction.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the image quality, interpretation consistency, and scanning efficiency of deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) algorithm (...

A Knowledge-Guided Bi-Modal Network for the Classification of Anterior Chamber Angle Images.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. When glaucoma is diagnosed, Anterior Chamber Angle (ACA) evaluation is the necessary s...

Privacy and Security Throughout the Health Data Life Cycle: From Primary Care to Research Networks.

Health data are increasingly generated, shared, and analyzed across an ever-growing collection of settings. While these developments enable new forms ...

Understanding User Intent in Code-Mixed Sexual and Reproductive Health Queries in Urban India: Hierarchical Classification Approach Using Large Language Models.

BACKGROUND: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) remains a stigmatized and taboo topic globally, limiting access to reliable information. These challe...