Hematology

Clonal hematopoiesis of undetermined potential as an emerging determinant of inflammageing, and age-related diseases: potential role as biomarker and target.

Clonal hematopoiesis of undetermined potential (CHIP), initially discovered as a mere hematological curiosity, now represents a clinically significant factor that is changing our view of ageing, inflammaging and the risk of age-related diseases (ARDs). In line with this, new meta-analyses link the presence of CHIP to higher all-cause mortality from ARDs and to an increase in adverse events in the ...

Critical Care-Specific vs General-Purpose Large Language Models in Emergency Intensive Care Unit Diagnosis: Single-Center Retrospective Paired Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: The emergency intensive care unit (EICU) manages the most critically ill patients, where rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential yet challenging. Diagnostic error rates in this setting are more than twice as high as in general wards, with serious consequences for patient outcomes. Large language models (LLMs) have attracted growing interest as decision-support tools; however, direct ...

Machine learning-based prediction of intraoperative blood transfusion in major surgery: exploiting clinical variables and systemic inflammatory indices.

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative blood transfusion is common in major surgery. Predicting transfusion risk may improve perioperative management, optimize bl...

Placental Blood-Flow Velocity Quantification From Diffusion MRI.

PURPOSE: Altered placental capillary blood flow is closely linked to obstetric complications, yet quantifying capillary-scale blood velocity remains c...

Precision Medicine in Transfusion-Dependent and Non-Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia: Toward Personalized Diagnosis and Therapy.

β-thalassemia comprises a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders in which anemia severity, transfusion exposure, iron loading, and organ complica...

Behavioral Mechanisms of a Digital Health Intervention for Self-Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Sustaining self-management is critical for optimizing clinical outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although digi...

Predicting Prehospital Blood Transfusion After Motor Vehicle Trauma.

OBJECTIVES: Prehospital blood transfusion (PHBT) improves outcomes among patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock, yet the epidemiology and geographi...

A blood-based test for detection of advanced adenomas and colorectal cancer (DENEB): a multicentre diagnostic accuracy study.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most common and second deadliest cancer in the USA, but cases and deaths are preventable through appropriat...

An open-source, configurable machine learning pipeline for predicting blood culture outcomes from routine haematology parameters.

Background. Bloodstream infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet blood culture (BC) positivity rates are typically lo...

Interpreting antibody identification tests with large language models: Critical role of tabular data formatting.

BACKGROUND: Antibody identification testing is essential for preventing hemolytic transfusion reactions from unexpected red cell antibodies. Although ...

Adding Artificial Intelligence to the PERT Improves Time to Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism.

OBJECTIVES: There is limited data demonstrating the benefit of artificial intelligence technology in the diagnosis and triage of pulmonary embolism. O...

Risk analysis and warning model of post-noncardiac surgery acute kidney injury: A retrospective observational study.

Postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) following noncardiac surgery remains a major clinical challenge, for which effective early warning models a...

Development and Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Staging Helicobacter pylori-Initiated Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancer in the Correa Cascade: Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with Helicobacter pylori-associated intestinal-type gastric canc...

A genome-wide coverage-based pipeline for the identification of host-derived candidate biomarkers in blood cell-free DNA.

We have created a new data-analysis pipeline for the discovery of host-derived candidate biomarkers in blood cell-free DNA sequencing data. Unlike app...

A three-metabolite microbiota-associated signature for early risk stratification of gestational diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term metabolic and cardiovascular risk. However...

Prehospital Injury Severity Estimate (PHISE) matches in-hospital trauma scores when embedded in AI models.

Trauma severity scores such as the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and New Injury Severity Score (NISS) are widely used for trauma benchmarking, risk stra...

Machine learning-derived clinical phenotypes of ascites in cirrhosis: A multi-center latent class analysis with external validation.

BACKGROUND: Ascites development in cirrhosis reduces five-year survival from 80% to 30%, yet substantial heterogeneity exists among patients with comp...

From Environmental Lead Exposure to Colorectal Cancer: Integrated Transcriptomic and Genetic Analyses Identify HMOX1 as a Prioritized Candidate.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, and the mechanisms linking lead exposure to CRC remain unclear. In this study, we inte...

Clinical Research on Microecological Landscape for Infection Risk Stratification in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Hematological Conditions.

INTRODUCTION: Infection is a common and potentially fatal complication during the treatment of hematological diseases, particularly in the context of ...

AI-Based Phenotyping of Atrial Fibrillation Through Generative Topographic Mapping: Prospective Murcia Atrial Fibrillation Project III Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The clinical heterogeneity of atrial fibrillation (AF) challenges current classifications and risk scores, limiting their real-world appli...