Infectious Disease

Vision-Language Model as a 'Zero-Shot' Assistant for Evaluating Condylar Osseous Changes in Cone-beam Computed Tomography.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Interpreting condylar osseous changes on CBCT is challenging for general practitioners. This study evaluated the 'zero-shot' diagnostic performance and utility of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) as AI assistants for detecting condylar abnormalities. METHODS: We analysed 72 CBCT images from the EHPN study for internal validation and constructed a balanced sample of 70 images fr...

Histopathological Differences Between Idiopathic and Secondary Interstitial Pneumonia: An Elastic Fiber-Oriented Deep Learning Analysis.

Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are classified into histopathological patterns by the idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) classification, and not only IIP but also secondary interstitial pneumonia (SIP) are evaluated based on the classification system, and the final integrated diagnosis is established through multidisciplinary discussion. However, distinguishing IIP from SIP is ofte...

iHaptenAb: an integrated hapten-antibody database for rational hapten design and antibody discovery.

Antibodies targeting small molecules play indispensable roles in food safety, environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and immunotherapy. The g...

Machine learning-based quantitative structure-activity relationship model for antibiotic prediction and discovery.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health problem that has become increasingly alarming in recent years. The discovery of new antibio...

Predicting Strain-Specific Metabolic Capabilities in the Genus Pseudomonas with a Flux-to-AI Approach Reveals Hidden Cell Envelope Properties.

Bacteria from the Pseudomonas genus are omnipresent in air, soil, and water. They have been widely studied for their broad metabolic versatility and t...

Genome-wide machine learning analysis of anosmia and ageusia with COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial worldwide disruptions in health, economy, and society, manifesting symptoms such as loss of smell (anosmi...

An efficient ranking deep neural network algorithm for the prediction of Ca2+ binding sites of the protein.

The Ca2+ binding sites of proteins are critical for their function, particularly in processes such as signal transduction, enzyme regulation, and stru...

Unraveling the molecular Nexus of Alzheimer's Disease and HIV encephalitis: The role of cellular senescence and transcriptional regulation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) share progressive cognitive decline. Their common molecular mechanisms rema...

Somalia's lifeline: Digitalization and AI.

Somalia's fragile health system, strained by decades of conflict, climate shocks, and persistently low immunization coverage, remains dangerously vuln...

Bridging fibrosis and function: an integrated mechanistic and therapeutic framework for Peyronie's disease and related erectile dysfunction.

INTRODUCTION: Peyronie's disease (PD) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are prevalent and frequently coexisting male sexual disorders that share endotheli...

Development and Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Bedside Score (IPA-2T2C2DW) for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Non-Neutropenic Immunocompromised Hosts.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate machine learning-based diagnostic models for IPA using data available within 24 hours of ICU admission, construct t...

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Viral Diagnostics: Principles, Strategies, Clinical Challenges, and Future Directions.

Viral outbreaks such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19 underscore the urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and scalable diagnostic technologies. Curren...

Postoperative Nocardia cyriacigeorgica infection after glioblastoma resection: correlating metagenomic next-generation sequencing with conventional microbiology.

Postoperative nocardial infection after cranial surgery is rare and difficult to diagnose because Nocardia spp. grow slowly in conventional culture. M...

Stephania cepharantha Hayata (Baiyaozi) attenuates cirrhosis-associated intestinal barrier injury by restoring mitochondrial function and suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Baiyaozi, the dried tuberous root of Stephania cepharantha Hayata, has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine ...

[Advances in phage therapy for pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae].

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) has emerged as a formidable nosocomial pathogen in the era of antimicrobial resistance, with mortality from pneumonia cause...

Prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance in People Living With Cystic Fibrosis Using Machine Learning.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing challenge in people living with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), who often experience chronic lung infection and re...

Frailty prediction in heart failure patients with acute infections: the potential role of thiazide diuretics?

BACKGROUND: Frailty remains a significant risk factor for adverse health outcomes in hospitalized patients. Few have evaluated frailty risk and its in...

Chemoinformatic and machine learning fusion for designing silver nanoparticles with enhanced antimicrobial properties.

Predicting the antimicrobial efficacy of newly synthesized nanoparticles remains a complex and resource-intensive task. In this study, we present an i...

Predictive models of the genetic bases underlying budding yeast fitness in multiple environments.

The ability of organisms to adapt and survive depends on the effects of genes and the environment on fitness. However, the multigenic nature of fitnes...

Fungal morphotype detection and quantification in microscopic images with TU_MyCo-vision: a user-friendly deep learning object detection tool.

Morphological switching in response to environmental stimuli is a well-known phenomenon in fungi, leading to diverse morphotypes. Microscopic observat...