Infectious Disease

AIxBio: Opportunities to Strengthen Health Security.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize biosecurity, health security, biodefense, and pandemic preparedness by offering groundbreaking solutions for managing biological threats. This landscape review explores recent advancements in AI across these fields, drawing from both grey literature and peer-reviewed studies published between January 2019 and February 2024. AI has dem...

Integrated in silico and in vitro screening approaches for the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of β-carbonic anhydrases.

INTRODUCTION: β-Carbonic anhydrases (β-CAs) are zinc-dependent metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. They are widely distributed in bacteria, where they support pH regulation, inorganic carbon homeostasis, and central metabolism. Unlike humans, which express only α-class carbonic anhydrases, many bacterial pathogens encode β-CAs, highli...

Development and validation of a machine learning-based nomogram model integrating LASSO regression and multiple evaluation methods for predicting early sepsis risk in acute abdomen.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis secondary to acute abdomen is a critical driver of clinical deterioration and mortality, with outcomes closely linked to sepsis sev...

From machine learning to causal insight: a robust 12-gene signature to distinguish sepsis risk from systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a life-threatening condition driven by a dysregulated host response, poses significant challenges for early diagnosis and early in...

A perturbed multilayer perceptron approach to predicting distant metastatic sites of cancer patients.

Cancer metastasis accounts for about 90% of cancer-related mortality, but is difficult to predict. In particular, distant metastasis is more difficult...

KD-SqueezeNet: an efficient deep learning strategy for the multi-task diagnosis of neonatal lung diseases.

BACKGROUND: The integration of deep learning in medical imaging has reached proficiency levels akin to expert clinicians, particularly in tasks requir...

Identifying microbial protease allergens through protein language model-guided homology.

Emerging research links the gut, skin, and oral microbiomes to allergies, with serine proteases (SPs) identified as potential allergens. This study le...

Metabolic factor-based machine learning model for mortality prediction in acute hepatitis E: Development and validation from a dual-center cohort.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection remains a major cause of liver failure with high short-term mortality, yet predictive models incorporati...

Antimicrobial resistance gene diversity, prevalence, and mobility within four landfills.

Antibiotics in landfills create selection pressures on the microorganisms present, selecting for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic res...

The AI Act and the MDR post-market requirements for semiautonomous AI SaMD: a radiology case study in prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: To clarify overlapping post-market obligations under the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) and EU Medical Device Regulation (MDR) for high...

Carba-NAD binding activates SIR2 by reshaping conformational plasticity and rewiring long-range allosteric networks.

Allosteric regulation enables proteins to couple local structural changes to distal functional outcomes, yet the underlying mechanisms often remain di...

AID-FGS: Artificial intelligence-enabled diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis: Preliminary findings.

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a sequela of infection with a waterborne parasite prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and is associated with incre...

Prediction of COVID-19 hospitalisation, ICU admission or death following ChAdOx1 vaccination using artificial intelligence: A clinical predictive model from the English RAVEN study.

OBJECTIVES: This study identifies predictors of severe COVID-19 following completion of two-dose primary series of the AZD1222 COVID-19 vaccine, emplo...

Molecular interplay of ASNS and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in CMV and HIV co-infections: Therapeutic implications.

CMV/HIV coinfection markedly exacerbates disease progression, elevates treatment failure risk, and worsens patient outcomes, yet the underlying molecu...

A longitudinal examination of clinical simulation in a postpandemic era: A national survey of prelicensure nursing programs.

BACKGROUND: Despite evidence of an uptick in clinical simulation adoption during the pandemic, there are no studies assessing the durability of nation...

Active surveillance methods to identify adverse events of special interest (AESIs) following vaccination against pandemic diseases: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Active post-vaccination surveillance is vital for ensuring vaccine safety, particularly in monitoring Adverse Events of Special Interest...

Beyond nature: in vivo production of natural product analogues through programmed biosynthetic pathways.

Natural products are vital sources of medicines, and their analogues hold great promise as novel therapeutics to combat disease more effectively, incl...

Harnessing AMF-plant-microbe systems for heavy metal remediation.

Soil heavy metal pollution poses a global environmental threat, demanding effective and sustainable remediation strategies. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fun...

AI portal tract detection and characterisation for a regional analysis of steatosis and inflammation in MASLD, MASH and AIH.

AIMS: Annotation of liver biopsies for disease staging is increasingly aided by digital pathology; however, existing systems do not quantify inflammat...

Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles in Potentiating Cancer Vaccines: Progress and Prospects.

Cancer immunotherapy is increasingly moving toward personalized, precision-based strategies, with cancer vaccines emerging as a promising approach to ...