Infectious Disease

Controversies in Computer-Assisted Detection in Colonoscopy.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in endoscopy, particularly computer-aided detection (CADe), have shown consistent benefit in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with improvements in adenoma detection rate (ADR) and reductions in adenoma miss rate (AMR). Despite these findings, adoption of CADe in routine colonoscopy remains controversial, with international guidelines issuin...

The role of artificial intelligence in improving patient communication and shared decision-making in urology: A systematic review.

BackgroundEffective communication and shared decision-making are essential for optimising urological care, making informed decisions, and improving patient outcomes. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in urology has the potential to act as a supportive tool in this process. This review aims to evaluate how AI-based tools support and enhance patient-provider communication and shared de...

Semi-supervised multi-class pneumonia classification using a CNN-cascade forest framework.

Medical imaging diagnosis of pneumonia must be accurate at distinguishing between the various disease subtypes but must be resistant to sparse annotat...

Plasmonic artificial inspector for herbal medicines via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and deep learning.

For the safety monitoring of herbal medicines (HMs), HM inspectors carry out an organoleptic examination before acceptance for market supply. The orga...

MARVpred: machine learning prediction of inhibitors targeting Marburg virus Gene 4 Small ORF protein.

The Marburg virus (MARV), responsible for severe hemorrhagic fevers with mortality rates as high as 90%, remains a significant public health threat. T...

Optimizing machine learning-based identification of sexual health influencers for HIV self-testing distribution among men who have sex with men in China: a secondary analysis of a quasi-experimental trial.

BACKGROUND: Secondary distribution of HIV self-testing can expand testing among men who have sex with men. A parent quasi-experimental trial found tha...

Revitalizing actinobacteria research: an urgent response to the antimicrobial resistance crisis.

The crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is escalating while the antibiotic pipeline remains stagnant. Our bibliometric analysis of eight decades ...

Integrating causal inference and machine learning to quantify climate-malaria relationships: Evidence of temperature and rainfall thresholds from Colombian municipalities.

Rainfall and temperature are key climate determinants of malaria incidence; yet their causal exposure-response curves on malaria incidence across the ...

The Role of Complex Digital Interventions to Improve Pneumonia Care.

Pneumonia clinical decision support (CDS) has evolved from simple paper-based guidelines to complex electronic systems powered by artificial intellige...

iAFP-fLRM: Accurate identification of antifungal peptides via hybrid deep learning architecture and multi-modal feature fusion.

Fungal infections (mycoses) represent a significant and increasing global health concern, particularly in immunocompromised populations. The emergence...

Dual-kingdom necrobiome succession extends postmortem interval estimation into skeletonization.

Forensic estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) becomes increasingly challenging when decomposition progresses beyond the initial weeks, as tradi...

Iatrogenic plasticizer Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure increases Sepsis mortality risk: Machine learning implicates monocyte-driven immune dysregulation.

Sepsis poses a significant global health burden, and ICU patients are disproportionately exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an immunotoxic ...

Impacts of delayed influenza vaccination on clinical outcomes in ICU-admitted patients with influenza: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccination is an effective measure for reducing the risk of severe influenza infection. However, the task of achieving adequate...

A scoping review of portable ultra-low-field MRI studies in patients with acquired brain injury: Past, present, and future.

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) refers to any post-birth damage to the brain, commonly resulting from traumatic events (traumatic brain injury) or non-tra...

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in a tertiary care hospital and utility of AI-assisted fecal analyzer for their detection.

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal parasitic infections, caused by protozoa and helminths, can lead to malnutrition, anaemia, and impaired growth. While direct ...

Identification of Micrometastasis in Cervical Lymph Nodes - A Machine Learning-Based Approach.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) rates have been on the rise globally due to a lack of health care facilities, unaffordable t...

Integrated single-cell analyses of affinity-tested B cells enable the identification of a gene signature to predict antibody affinity.

Advancements in single-cell technologies and deep sequencing have expanded the B cell repertoire available for antibody discovery. However, selecting ...

Interpretable machine learning-driven identification of novel DENV NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors through multi-stage virtual screening and experimental validation.

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by dengue virus (DENV). It has emerged as a worldwide health problem, afflicting millions of p...

Prediction of First and Multiple Antiretroviral Therapy Interruptions in People Living With HIV: Comparative Survival Analysis Using Cox and Explainable Machine Learning Models.

BACKGROUND: The Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model is a common choice for analyzing time-to-treatment interruptions in patients on antiretroviral th...

The role of artificial intelligence in managing COVID-19 and long COVID: a narrative review.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an unprecedented global impact, resulting in both positive and negative consequences. The virus n...