Infectious Disease

Improved screening for pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma in a low-resource setting.

OBJECTIVE: The lung is commonly involved in advanced Kaposi sarcoma (KS) but diagnosis of pulmonary KS in low-resource settings is difficult. Clinical assessments were evaluated to improve screening for pulmonary KS in a low-resource setting. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort of Africans with HIV-associated KS in the Parirenyatwa Hospital KS clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe, was followed from 2016 to 2018. A...

Critical assessment of machine learning approaches for classification, dynamic prediction and surrogate Modeling in food fermentation.

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used in food science due to its ability to extract insights from large datasets. However, the advantages of ML over traditional mechanistic knowledge-based models remain unclear, especially under the limited data conditions often encountered in food bioprocesses. This study aims to address this gap by critically evaluating supervised ML techniques-specif...

Spatial transcriptional profiling of CHB liver biopsies reveals an undetected population of zonally biased HBV-integrated cells.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and HBV-integrated DNA (iDNA) are features of chronic HBV (CHB). Elimination of both ce...

A review of AI/ML approaches in wastewater surveillance advancement.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a powerful tool for early detection and monitoring of infectious diseases, particularly during pand...

An Integrated Deep Learning Framework Leveraging NASNet and Vision Transformer with MixProcessing for Accurate and Precise Diagnosis of Lung Diseases.

Lung diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, COVID-19, and lung cancer remain significant global health challenges that demand rapid and accurate di...

Incidence and implications of abstinence-induced recompensation in alcohol-related cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Alcohol abstinence enables hepatic recompensation in patients with decompensated alcohol-related cirrhosis. This study investigated...

SERS technology helps bacterial inactivation in vivo: including detection, identification, and evaluation.

The problem of bacterial infection and antimicrobial resistance has become a major challenge threatening to human health. Detection, identification, a...

Machine learning-enabled quantification of hepatocellular necrosis in the liver after lethal Marburg and Ebola virus exposures.

The liver is a key target of pathogenic orthomarburgviruses and orthoebolaviruses, with injury common in severe filovirid disease, yet high-resolution...

Rapid Single-Cell Phenotypic Antifungal Susceptibility Testing on a SlipChip Enabled by Deep Learning.

Fungal infections cause over 1.5 million deaths annually, yet current antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) methods require 24-48 h, delaying criti...

Engineered Supramolecular Therapeutics in Development for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has rendered conventional antibiotic treatments ineffective, necessitating the development of antibacte...

Using Artificial Intelligence Methods to Evaluate the Effect of the National Cytomegalovirus Awareness Month on the Content and Sentiment of Social Media Posts: Infodemiology Study.

BACKGROUND: The month of June has been recognized as the National Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Awareness Month since 2011 in the United States. Established b...

Identification of Chlamydia pneumoniae and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Alzheimer's disease retina.

Chlamydia pneumoniae is an intracellular bacterium implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its role in retinal pathology and disease progression i...

A machine learning-based prediction model for poor prognosis in sepsis using lymphocyte count: a national, multicenter prospective cohort.

Sepsis-induced immunosuppression leads to poor prognosis. Circulating lymphocyte count (LC), as an easily accessible clinical marker, closely reflects...

Artificial intelligence in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: advances, challenges and future directions.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease of unknown aetiology, characterised by a radiological and/or morphological pattern of usu...

Artificial intelligence in animal anatomy: Exploring the technologies, applications, benefits, and challenges.

BACKGROUND: Animal anatomy is revolutionised by use of digital techniques where it is implicated in research, education, and diagnostics. Modern compu...

Transcriptome integration analysis of shared biomarkers and common immune mechanisms in SLE and PSO.

This study aimed to identify shared diagnostic biomarkers and common immune mechanisms between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis (PSO) ...

A Machine Learning Approach to Deciphering the Genomic Basis of Host Specificity and Geographic Origin in Salmonella Kentucky.

In the U.S., Salmonella Kentucky is frequently isolated from food animals, but human cases are often linked to international travel. The objectives of...

Integrative analysis identifies lactylation-related biomarkers in sepsis via bioinformatics and machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Protein lactylation is a novel post-translational modification driven by lactate and has emerged as a critical link between cellular metab...

Machine learning reveals ecological thresholds and predicts future bacterial community shifts in a chronically eutrophic estuary.

Effectively managing eutrophic estuaries under climate change requires a quantitative understanding of how microbial communities respond to multiple e...

Targeted SERS Nanoparticle Accumulation on Bacteria Enables On-Site Accurate Vibrio Typing in 10 min with AI-Powered SERS.

Vibrio infections progress rapidly with high mortality, yet current diagnostics fail to meet the critical need for rapid, accurate, and field-deployab...