Infectious Disease

Leveraging artificial intelligence for surgical site infection surveillance: A comparison of 5 large language models.

We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the performance of 5 large language models in detecting surgical site infections (SSIs), compared with manual surveillance by an infection preventionist nurse. Forty abdominal surgery patients were included. Manual review achieved 100% diagnostic accuracy. All large language models demonstrated high accuracy (90%-95%) and strong agreement with manual ...

Molecular diagnostics in clinical microbiology: Advances, applications, and future directions.

Molecular diagnostics have transformed clinical microbiology by enabling rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive detection of infectious agents, significantly improving patient outcomes and public health response. Over the past decade, advances in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS), digital PCR, isothermal amplification, and CRISPR-based assays have enhanced pathogen i...

Machine learning-driven discovery of celastrol as an anti-inflammatory therapy suppressing NETs in severe influenza.

Omics-based computational approaches for biomarker identification, prediction, and treatment of Long COVID.

Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), is a major global health problem, with cumulative estimates suggesting that around 400 million ...

Comparative analysis of SUMO and his-tag fusion for soluble expression of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron RBD in E. coli.

The soluble expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) is fundamental for manufacturing protein-based countermeasures. Although E. col...

Development and multicenter validation of a machine learning model for postoperative sepsis risk in critically Ill traumatic spinal injury patients.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a machine learning model for postoperative sepsis in critically ill traumatic spinal injury (TSI) patients, a frequ...

Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in vaccine target selection, design, development and characterization.

Vaccination is an effective approach that saves the lives of millions of people. Computer tools and technologies have recently helped design novel, sa...

Population heterogeneity revealed in morphometric analysis of densely populated microbial swarm collectives.

UNLABELLED: Uncovering cell morphology within communities is crucial to understanding how collective groups of organisms can function and adapt to the...

ChatGPT-4o as a diagnostic tool for skin cancer: Diagnostic accuracy in melanoma and non-melanoma detection.

INTRODUCTION: The global incidence of skin cancer is rising, emphasizing the need for early detection tools. Artificial intelligence (AI) models, incl...

What's not to learn? AI meets parasitology.

Although artificial intelligence-particularly large-language models-receives daily attention, the application of AI to image-recognition challenges in...

Targeting the DYNLL2-PAK1 axis inhibits caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis to alleviate sepsis.

Sepsis, a life-threatening syndrome caused by dysregulated host responses to infection, lacks effective therapeutic strategies due to its complex immu...

Wildfire smoke and dengue burden in Brazil: Evidence from a nationwide study.

Wildfire fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an emerging health concern, yet its effects on mosquito-borne diseases, particularly dengue, remain unclea...

Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics for differentiation of skull base osteomyelitis from locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multi-center external validation study.

PURPOSE: Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPca) are challenging to differentiate due to overlapping clinical and radiologi...

Integrating administrative health data and machine learning to predict ALS onset.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to develop a Machine Learning (ML) model to predict the initial diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). METHODS:...

Unraveling the microbiome's role in breast cancer progression and treatment response.

The human microbiome, encompassing microbial communities in the gut and breast tissue, has emerged as a critical modulator of breast cancer (BC) initi...

Meta-analysis of faecal microbiome studies followed by machine learning to identify intestinal disease-specific taxonomic signatures.

Alterations in the gut microbiome have been found to be associated with both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), sugg...

Evaluation and improvement of algorithmic fairness for COVID-19 severity classification using Explainable Artificial Intelligence-based bias mitigation.

OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the growing reliance on machine learning (ML) models for predicting disease severity, which is impor...

In-situ single-cell Raman spectroscopy profiling of fifteen food yeast species: Integrated viability monitoring, identification and enumeration.

Monitoring essential yeasts during fermentation remains challenging, hindering process optimization and quality control of fermented foods and beverag...

Machine Learning-Augmented Graphene Transistor Biosensing: Quantitative Platform Validation and Immunotesting of Hepatitis E.

Graphene-based chips face persistent sensor-to-sensor variability due to manufacturing defects and polymer contamination, limiting their analytical re...

Few FDA Approved AI/ML Orthopaedic Devices Have EU MDR Equivalents or Peer-Reviewed Validation.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine-learning (ML) technologies are increasingly being incorporated into orthopaedic medical devices, ...