Infectious Disease

Enhancing mortality prediction in septic ICU patients with malignancies through ensemble machine learning: a retrospective cohort study.

Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), and patients with underlying malignancies are disproportionately affected. Conventional severity scores frequently provide inadequate prognostic discrimination in this vulnerable subgroup. We aimed to develop an ensemble machine learning model to predict 28-day ICU and in-hospital mortality in septic patients with malign...

Fairness in multimodal machine learning applications in clinical decision support: a systematic review.

Multimodal AI models are increasingly used in clinical decision support systems, but fairness appears to be rarely measured. In this systematic review, our aim was to assess studies that examine fairness in multimodal AI-based clinical decision support (CDS) systems. CDS systems that are rule-based or knowledge-based are considered out of scope. Two searches were used to identify literature focuse...

Recent advances in machine learning and Bayesian modeling for tropical disease prediction, diagnosis, and risk analysis: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Enhancing the capacity to forecast tropical disease transmission, identify key risk factors, and support timely public health responses is...

Improved 28-day mortality prediction by combining Lactate Dehydrogenase-to-Albumin Ratio(LAR) to lactate-enhanced Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in patients with sepsis: a derivation and validation study.

BACKGROUND: Fast risk stratification is essential for patients with sepsis, a life-threatening condition associated with high mortality, as it guides ...

Transforming Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Key Milestones and Future Perspectives.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease of the precapillary pulmonary arteries, characterized by fibroproliferative vascu...

Association Between the Hemoglobin-to-Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Ratio and Perioperative Mortality Risk in Myasthenia Gravis Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BackgroundThis study aims to explore the association between the Hemoglobin/Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio (HRR) and perioperative mortality in mya...

Raman spectroscopic detection of salivary thiocyanate for smoking exposure stratification.

Distinguishing smokers from non-smokers and stratifying smokers based on their smoking history/exposure (years) are essential for evaluating the risk ...

Repurposing Thiamine-Dependent Benzaldehyde Lyases as Visible-Light-Driven Radical Acyltransferases.

ConspectusThiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes are among nature's most elegant biocatalysts for C-C bond formation and cleavage, typically op...

Non-destructive label-free automated identification of bacterial colonies at the species level directly on agar media using digital holography and convolutional neural network algorithms.

UNLABELLED: This study aimed to establish a thorough proof of concept for an innovative, fully automated, non-destructive, and label-free approach for...

Predicting depression severity among people living with HIV in Oman using random forest.

Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity among people living with HIV and is associated with an increased risk of disease progression. Ho...

Geospatial approaches for mapping zero-dose prevalence and routine childhood immunisation coverage in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Zero-dose (ZD) children remain a critical public health concern, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), where ov...

High-performance surface plasmon resonance biosensor design: Encircled quad-block resonator structure for real-time label-free detection of marijuana assisted with linear regression.

In the last few years, chemical analysis and chromatography approaches have been implemented widely for detecting marijuana. Such approaches are sligh...

A Eu/Tb-Functionalized Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework for Ratiometric Sensing of Anthrax Biomarker and Integrated Intelligent Bactericidal Efficacy Evaluation.

Luminescent materials with stimulus-responsive and discriminable optical outputs are highly desirable for advanced on-site sensing and biosecurity mon...

MAPPING THE MTOR PATHWAY IN LUNG TRANSPLANTATION: IS IT TIME FOR A BIOMARKER-DRIVEN PRECISION THERAPY?

Solid organ transplantation has revolutionized the treatment of end-stage diseases, yet long-term graft survival remains constrained by immune-mediate...

Sharpness matters: Higher image resolution improves generalization and explainability in chest X-ray classification.

Deep learning (DL) chest radiograph (CXR) models are often trained on downsampled images to reduce computational overhead, despite clinical workflows ...

FedPDM-Net: a federated prototype-guided disentangled deep learning framework for explainable malaria detection.

Malaria remains a critical global health concern, particularly in resource-limited settings where accurate and timely diagnosis is essential. While de...

Tri-Net: unified deep learning for skin lesion and symptom-based monkeypox detection.

The recent re-emergence of Monkeypox emphasizes the critical importance of ensuring precise and prompt diagnostic capabilities. Traditional diagnosis ...

Pan-disease blood protein profiles of rheumatic autoimmune diseases.

BACKGROUND: Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune conditions characterized by immune system dysregula...

Analysis of health anxiety trajectories in rabies exposure patients based on machine learning.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the dynamic evolution trajectory of health anxiety in patients with initial rabies exposure and to conduct predictive analysis ...

SERS-based spectral analysis of ITS1 PCR products for differentiation of three old world Leishmania species.

Leishmaniasis, a zoonotic disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, poses a significant medical and veterinary importance worldwide. This s...