Infectious Disease

Comprehensive interaction profiling and machine learning prediction of bacteriophage infectivity across clinically diverse Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections has driven renewed interest in bacteriophage therapy, where viruses that specifically kill bacteria are used as targeted antimicrobials. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a WHO critical-priority pathogen that causes severe infections in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, presents a major challenge for phage therapy because of its extraordinary ...

Real-World Validation of Machine Learning Models for HIV Treatment Adherence Prediction and Care Gap Quantification: A Multi-Country Analysis of 192,732 Clinical Records

Delayed diagnosis and poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence remain primary drivers of HIV-related morbidity in low-resource settings, yet real-world AI validation at scale is lacking. We conducted a retrospective validation study using two publicly available, de-identified datasets: a Quality of Care cohort of 27,288 HIV-positive patients on ART across multiple healthcare facilities, and the...

Structure and Dynamics of the HIV-1 Envelope Protein on the Virion Envelope

HIV-1 buds from infected cells as immature virion particles with a scattered envelope glycoprotein (Env) distribution on their envelope. It then under...

Domain Incremental Learning for Pandemic-Resilient Chest X-Ray Analysis

Deep learning models achieved high accuracy in pneumonia detection from chest X-rays. However, their generalization across clinical domains remains li...

Elevated serum apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein remodelling distinguish adults with HLH from HLH mimics and controls

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome characterised by uncontrolled immune activation. Redu...

Estimating the Presence and Abundance of Aedes Albopictus in Europe Using Neural Networks

Aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito species transmitting dengue, chikungunya, Zika and other arboviruses. Its ongoing geographical expansion acro...

Clinical Safety of AI-Generated Antibiotic Prescribing Advice: Guideline Adherence and Misinformation Risk Among Large Language Models

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in telehealth, but their safety in antibiotic prescribing remains uncertain, particular...

Pathogen-specific host responses define distinct pneumonia endotypes in the human lung

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with pneumonia lag behind other maj...

Integration of immunomonitoring assays with PET/CT in TB patients identifies on-treatment biomarkers

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant global public health challenge with substantial morbidity and mortality. Current TB biomarkers lack ...

Agentifying Patient Dynamics within LLMs through Interacting with Clinical World Model

Sepsis management in the ICU requires sequential treatment decisions under rapidly evolving patient physiology. Although large language models (LLMs) ...

Text Knows What, Tables Know When: Clinical Timeline Reconstruction via Retrieval-Augmented Multimodal Alignment

Reconstructing precise clinical timelines is essential for modeling patient trajectories and forecasting risk in complex, heterogeneous conditions lik...

From naive to foundation: benchmarking models for epidemic forecasting

We systematically evaluate and compare the performance of classical statistical methods (ARIMA), mechanistic compartmental models (SEIR), modern deep ...

Retrieval-Augmented Claude Opus 4.7 and GPT-5.5 Surpass Human Performance on the Nuclear Cardiology Board Preparation Exam (and Claude Drafts a Paper About it)

Background - Previous studies evaluated large language model (LLM) performance on the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC) Board Preparation ...

Epidemiology-Informed Graph Neural Networks for Predicting and Interpreting Transmissible Hospital-Acquired Infections: A Retrospective Cohort and Simulation Study

Transmissible hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) arise from complex, time-varying interactions among patients, healthcare workers, and clinical envir...

ConvergeCELL: An end-to-end platform from patient transcriptomics to therapeutic hypotheses

Translating transcriptomic data into therapeutic hypotheses remains fragmented and labor-intensive. Here we present ConvergeCELL, a platform combining...

Susagi: A Microbiome World Model

Motivation: Accurately modelling how microbial communities assemble and change across hosts and environments is essential for analysis and interventio...

FiberLM: A Transformer-Based Model for Mouse Brain Diffusion MRI Tractography Guided by Viral Tracer Data

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography provides a non-invasive method for mapping whole-brain structural connectivity. However, its application is limited ...

Simulation-conditioned generative modeling for biologically realistic pattern prediction

Pattern formation underlies biological organization across scales, but predicting experimentally observed patterns remains difficult because mechanist...

Validation of an AI-Powered Automated Colony Analysis Platform Across Eight ISO Microbiological Methods: A Multi-Pathogen, Multi-Matrix Performance Study

Manual colony counting remains the rate-limiting, operator-dependent step in culture-based food microbiology quality control (QC). Automated colony an...

Structural bias in machine learning-guided peptide design

Machine learning continues to accelerate peptide and protein design through the rapid prediction and generation of sequences with desired characterist...