Infectious Disease

Complex pathways to ceftolozane-tazobactam resistance in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates: a genomic epidemiology study

We aimed to conduct a comprehensive genomic analysis of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by combining novel institutional data with publicly available sequencing data. We analysed 1,682 P. aeruginosa isolates, comprising 339 isolates from Alfred Hospital (Melbourne, Australia) and 1,343 isolates from six public datasets. All isolates underwent whole-geno...

Predicting Tuberculosis Incidence in Adult HIV Patients on ART in Debre Markos, Ethiopia: A Machine Learning Approach

Tuberculosis (TB) is the commonest comorbidity among individuals with HIV/AIDS, especially in low- and middle-income nations such as Ethiopia. Early diagnosis of TB infection in HIV-infected patients is crucial for effective management of opportunistic infections that can result in mortality. Early identification of TB in HIV/AIDS patients plays a significant role in reducing morbidity and mortali...

Risk Prediction Modelling of 30-day all-cause mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention in an Australian population: Leveraging Machine Learning

Pre-procedural risk prediction of 30-day all-cause mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) aids in clinical decision-making and bench...

Performance of Universal and Stratified Computer-Aided Detection Thresholds for Chest X-Ray-Based Tuberculosis Screening: A Cross-Sectional Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Computer-aided detection (CAD) software analyzes chest X-rays for features suggestive of tuberculosis (TB) and provides a numeric abnormality score. H...

A Web-Based Application for Real-Time Malaria Prediction using Environmental Variables

Malaria remains a persistent public health challenge in Zimbabwe, particularly in rural districts such as Mudzi in Mashonaland East Province, where se...

Predictive Performance Precision Analysis in Medicine: Identification of low-confidence predictions at patient and profile levels (MED3pa I)

Artificial Intelligence models are increasingly used in healthcare, yet global performance metrics can mask variations in reliability across individua...

Ensemble Machine Learning for Malaria Diagnosis in Resource-Limited Settings Using Clinical and Demographic Features

Sub-Saharan Africa continues to shoulder the heaviest burden of malaria. The 2024 WHO malaria report highlighted that Africa contributed an alarming 9...

Comparative Analysis of Long COVID and Post-Vaccination Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Symptoms and Machine Learning-Based Differentiation

Long COVID is a well-documented post-viral syndrome, while post-vaccination syndrome (PVS) remains poorly characterized. Understanding their similarit...

Convolutional neural networks quantify antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with diagnostic grade accuracy and predict treatment response

There is considerable interest in training machine learning (ML) models on genomic data that achieve clinical grade diagnostic accuracy. Many successf...

Human breast cancer is linked to Epstein-Barr virus because it targets stem cells: bioinformatic chromosome correlations

Breast cancer originates from rare “cancer stem cells”. Stem cells are especially susceptible to becoming cancerous because they readily become differ...

Comparison of OneChoice® AI-based clinical decision support recommendations with infectious disease specialists and non-specialists for bacteremia treatment in Lima, Peru

Bacteremia is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where diagnostic delays and empi...

Association between zidovudine and adverse pregnancy outcomes/congenital malformations: A pharmacovigilance study using FAERS data

Zidovudine (AZT), a key antiretroviral drug used for HIV treatment and preventing mother-to-child transmission, has insufficient post-marketing pharma...

Evaluating Deep Learning Sepsis Prediction Models in ICUs Under Distribution Shift: A Multi-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study

Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for early detection to improve pati...

The Development and Evaluation of AI-based Tuberculosis Screening with a Digital Stethoscope used to Capture Lung Sounds. A Case-Control Study

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading global cause of preventable death, with 10.8 million cases and 1.3 million deaths reported in 2023. Current method...

Explainable Cryobiopsy AI Model, CRAI, to Predict Disease Progression for Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsies with Interstitial Pneumonia

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses diverse pulmonary disorders with varied prognoses. Current pathological diagnoses suffer from inter-observ...

Application of Extreme Gradient Boosting to predict NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity in young adults in Malawi

The fight to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.3 and 3.4 by 2030 requires data driven approaches and appropriate methodologies that would enable ...

Spatial Distribution and Associated Factors Influencing 2024 Measles-Rubella Vaccination Campaign Coverage among Children Aged 9–59 Months in Mainland Tanzania

Globally, measles remains a major cause of child mortality, and rubella is the leading cause of birth defects among all infectious diseases. In Mainla...

Using transportability methods to map the local effectiveness of mass drug administration for malaria in Senegal

Numerous trials have evaluated the effectiveness of mass drug administration (MDA) to rapidly reduce malaria transmission, but it is unknown whether e...

Limited Predictability of Client Attendance in a Support Program for HIV Vertical Transmission Prevention: A Comparison of Machine Learning and Community Health Worker Predictions

Client attendance is vital for the success of HIV vertical transmission prevention programs, yet 23.4% of clients missed follow-up appointments after ...

Temperature dominates dengue transmission in Thailand: Machine learning reveals critical thresholds and COVID-19 disruption

Dengue fever remains a critical public health challenge in Thailand, with transmission dynamics driven by complex interactions between environmental a...