Infectious Disease

Foundation model embeddings enable cardiovascular screening for people living with HIV in Vietnam using wearable signals

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening faces significant challenges in resource-limited settings, where infrastructure and computational constraints preclude the use of advanced remote assessment. These constraints are particularly acute for people living with HIV (PLWH), who experience elevated CVD risk yet often receive care in clinics without the capacity for specialist diagnostics. We evaluate...

Personalized Fluid Management in Patients with Sepsis and AKI: A Casual Machine Learning Approach

Intravenous (IV) fluids are cornerstone for management of acute kidney injury (AKI) after sepsis but can cause fluid overload. Restrictive fluid strategy may benefit some patients, however, identifying them is challenging. Novel causal machine learning (ML) techniques can estimate heterogenous treatments effects (HTE) of IV fluids among these patients. To develop and validate causal ML framework t...

A Hybrid Deep Learning-Mechanistic Modeling Framework for Dengue Transmission Dynamics in Guangdong, China

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease with strong seasonality, periodicity, and spatial heterogeneity, posing a persistent global public heal...

TACO: TabPFN Augmented Causal Outcomes for Early Detection of Long COVID

Long COVID affects 10-40% of COVID-19 survivors, yet early detection remains challenging. We present TACO (TabPFN Augmented Causal Outcomes), a framew...

A Prospective Real-time Early Warning System to Anticipate Onsets and Peaks of Respiratory Diseases Outbreaks at the State Level in the U.S. A Transfer Learning Approach Leveraging Digital Traces

Respiratory disease outbreaks burden U.S. healthcare systems with over one million hospitalizations annually, yet current surveillance systems lag 1-2...

Admission photoplethysmography-based mortality prediction in hospitalized Ugandan children with suspected or confirmed infection: a feasibility study

Sepsis remains a major cause of preventable pediatric hospital deaths in developing countries, with progress hindered by the lack of effective risk id...

Forecasting trends of HIV infection using deep learning models in East Gojjam zone, North West Ethiopia, 2025

The growing burden of HIV/AIDS, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, presents a significant public health challenge, characterized by increasing morbid...

The Cognitive Safety Net: Comparing Human and AI Diagnostic Reasoning during Complex Clinical Situations

Diagnostic error in high-stakes clinical environments remains a significant cause of preventable harm. While a new generation of customisable digital ...

Machine Learning to Investigate Life-Course Social Determinants of Loneliness among Older Adults in the US, England, Israel, and 27 European Countries during the Pandemic

Loneliness in later life is common and shaped by social determinants, with the COVID-19 pandemic and regional contexts further influencing disparities...

Neural network-based identification of easily-obtainable demographic and clinical characteristics to identify people with tuberculosis

We consider the application of machine learning to the classification of tuberculosis (TB) based on clinical and demographic data. Such data is routin...

Childhood living conditions as predictors of self-rated health status in middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from a machine learning analysis in 27 high-income countries

Health inequalities in high-income countries may have roots in childhood. We aimed to develop machine learning (ML) algorithms to assess the impact of...

Accuracy of AI-assisted diagnostic tools for Schistosoma haematobium: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Urogenital schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium remains endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Diagnosis traditionally relies on urine microscopy...

Machine Learning Approaches to Identify Communities with High HIV Prevalence in Resource-Limited Settings using Social, Economic and Behavioral Data

Identifying communities with high HIV prevalence is crucial for public health officials, researchers, and policymakers to effectively monitor the epid...

Metformin use is associated with lower mortality from bacterial sepsis and improved immunocompetence in Thai diabetes patients with acute melioidosis

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for acquiring infections. Metformin, the first-line treatment for type 2 DM, is associated with benefici...

Using routine laboratory tests to perform early prediction of urine culture results

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, typically diagnosed using a urine culture. However, urine cu...

Improving Doctor-Patient Communication Using Large Language Models - Results from an Experimental Study

Medical jargon poses significant barriers to patient comprehension of healthcare information, potentially affecting treatment adherence and health out...

How effective is generative AI advice for the academic advancement of faculty?

The SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center manages over 2,800 clinical faculty members and processes over 400 appointments and promotions annuall...

Developing Predictive Algorithms for Patient Retention Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning to Improve HIV Care in Uganda

Achieving high retention of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in care remains a challenge in Uganda, despite substantial progress towards UNAIDS 95-95-95...

Microscale Multiplexed Antigen-Specific Antibody Fc Profiling for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Accurate, affordable tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics that do not require sputum samples are urgently needed for TB control and elimination. Prior serolo...

Synthetic Data for Equitable Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Diagnostic Test Interpretation

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) support affordable disease diagnosis. Machine learning (ML) can improve RDT interpretation but often relies on large, pr...