Infectious Disease

Dynamic Lymphocyte Recovery Patterns Predict 90-Day Mortality in Sepsis: A Machine Learning-Enhanced Analysis of the MIMIC-IV Cohort

Sepsis-induced immunosuppression, characterized by lymphopenia, is associated with adverse outcomes. We aimed to identify distinct lymphocyte recovery patterns in patients with sepsis, evaluate their association with mortality, and develop a machine learning model to enhance prediction This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with sepsis and initial lymphopenia (Absolute Lymphocyte ...

Optimizing Lightweight Medical AI for Chest CT Classification: A Distillation and Quantization Approach

Medical imaging has been crucial in the diagnostics of pulmonary diseases and the use of chest CT scans is a fundamental diagnostic tool in lung cancer and COVID-19. The clinical importance of the deep learning models used to classify CT images is still hard to deploy because of the high-computational requirements and overfitting. The latest state-of-the-art CNN models, including DenseNet121 and N...

Development of a Multi-Model Ensemble Tool for Early Prediction of 48-Hour Respiratory Failure Risk in CAP Patients

To develop a predictive tool capable of early identification of the risk of acute respiratory failure within 48 hours of hospital admission in patient...

The emergence of superficial dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton indotineae and Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotypes VII and II* in the United States: A need for comprehensive testing approaches

We report an exponential rise in dermatophyte infections belonging to the Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes species complex (TiTmSC), includin...

Developing an Early Diagnostic Signature and Deciphering the Microbial-Host Dynamics in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Patients

Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children admitted to paediatric intensive care units (PIC...

Evaluating the acceptability, usability and clinical appropriateness of Your Path, an AI-powered tool facilitating relevant access to HIV services post-HIV self-testing in South Africa

Timely linkage to HIV prevention and treatment services following HIV self-testing (HIVST) remains a challenge in many countries. While HIVST offers p...

Prognostic role of COVID-19 pneumonia signs and other CT-biomarkers for survival in patients with malignant neoplasms: the ARILUS project

Clinically manifested pneumonia associated with COVID-19 infection in cancer patients has been associated with worse prognosis. The prognostic signifi...

A three-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccination series improves the quality of anti-monkeypox virus immunity

The 2022 global outbreak of clade IIb mpox represented a turning point in public health’s handling of poxviruses. The primary vaccine available for pr...

Prediction of Long COVID and Mortality among Patients with Substance Use Disorder

The convergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the substance use disorder (SUD) crisis has created a syndemic that places this vulnerable population at ...

Predicting Carbapenem Resistance in Hospitalized Patients Using Machine Learning: A Retrospective Analysis of the MIMIC-III Database

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) represent a major health challenge due to limited therapeutic options, increased morbidity, and e...

Fairness in infectious disease modeling

The concept of fairness has been extensively examined within the domains of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence more broadly. It remains, how...

Inferring pathogen superspreading potential using early spatial spread patterns

Superspreading driven by individual variation in transmissibility shapes novel pathogen emergence and the effectiveness of control measures. Current a...

Continuous Multimodal AI with Wearable Vital Signs Predicts Postoperative Complications in the General Ward

Surgery is inherently associated with complications, making early detection the cornerstone of timely intervention and improved outcomes. Artificial i...

Does LLM Assistance Improve Healthcare Delivery? An Evaluation Using On-site Physicians and Laboratory Tests∗

We deployed large language model (LLM) decision support for health workers at two outpatient clinics in Nigeria. For each patient, health workers draf...

Integrating Infection Burden and Multimodal Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimers Disease: A Sheaf-ML Framework

Alzheimers disease (AD) remains a major global health challenge, with growing evidence linking chronic infections, immune aging, and neurodegeneration...

From free text to SOFA score: automated reconstruction of sepsis severity from unstructured clinical notes

To evaluate the ability of a natural language processing system to automatically reconstruct the SOFA score from unstructured clinical notes in patien...

Pandemic-Potential Viruses are a Blind Spot for Frontier Open-Source LLMs

We study large language models (LLMs) for front-line, pre-diagnostic infectious-disease triage, a critically understudied stage in clinical interventi...

When AI Meets the FDA: An Evaluation of Large Language Models Performance in Regulatory and Clinical Trial Data Extraction, Synthesis, and Analysis

Clinical and population decision-making relies on the systematic evaluation of extensive regulatory evidence. The FDA drug reviews provide detailed in...

Machine Learning–Driven Drug Optimization for Typhoid Fever Based on Patient Profiles

Typhoid fever remains a major Global public health concern, with treatment outcomes dependent on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and patient variabilit...

Machine Learning Analysis of Post-Acute COVID Symptoms Identifies Distinct Clusters, Severity Groups, and Trajectories

Questionnaires that capture patient-reported symptomatology provide low-cost but potentially high-value data for the de novo discovery of disease phen...