Infectious Disease

Phosphorylation tunes strain-specific protein condensation during rotavirus replication organelle assembly.

In many viruses, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) drive the formation of replicative organelles via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). In species A rotaviruses, the disordered protein NSP5 forms condensates with NSP2, but its high sequence diversity raises questions about whether this mechanism is conserved across strains. Using a machine learning approach, we show that NSP5 variants d...

A machine learning system enables just-in-time risk-stratified sepsis evaluations in the neonatal intensive care unit.

INTRODUCTION: NICU sepsis evaluation balances rapid antibiotic administration for mortality reduction against unnecessary treatment. Objective risk stratification optimizes resource allocation. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 191 sepsis evaluations from 136 NICU patients. Sepsis was defined as positive blood culture or clinical sepsis with ≥5 days of antibiotics. A machine learning score (POWS...

Using deep learning to identify brain networks mediating cognitive and motor impairments in alcohol use disorder.

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), with a lifetime prevalence of 29.1% in the U.S., is associated with functional impairment affecting visuospatial working m...

Artificial intelligence in drug discovery for fungal diseases: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Fungal diseases represent a global health threat, with high mortality rates and growing antifungal resistance demanding new therapeutic st...

Machine learning-driven analysis of serum GDF15 trajectories identifies novel sepsis sub-phenotypes and predicts 28-day mortality.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis heterogeneity complicates management and prognosis. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) may offer novel insights into sepsis s...

Multi-epitope tick vaccines: From computational design to field deployment, immunoinformatics approaches, validation challenges, and translational pathways.

Ticks are major vectors of pathogens affecting both humans and animals, yet effective and sustainable control strategies remain limited. Conventional ...

Methods for determining indications for antibiotic prescriptions to facilitate antimicrobial stewardship: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Effective antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) requires accurate information on the reason for prescribing antimicrobials. To design targeted i...

Risk Prediction of Early-Onset Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Derivation and Validation in a Nationwide Young Adult Cohort.

BACKGROUND: The global incidence of early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (eHCC) is increasing significantly; however, specific risk prediction tools f...

Overcoming LPS-mediated resistance in gram-negative pathogens: a review of LL-37 analogs and computational design strategies.

The increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Gram-negative bacteria has become a significant global health issue, driven primarily by...

T-cell-mediated immunity to influenza A (H2N3): implications for caccine efficacy and cross-subtype protection.

Influenza A viruses pose a significant pandemic threat, with H2N3 in particular representing a subtype of particular concern due to limited population...

Integration of single-cell RNA-sequencing and machine learning identifies GRN and FCER1G as potential peroxisomal targets in influenza pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Influenza, an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses, imposes a significant burden on the healthcare system. Peroxisomes ...

Standardizing antiviral response metrics for mono- and combination therapies in acute, chronic and latent viral infections.

The COVID-19 pandemic showed that heterogeneous antiviral assay designs, endpoints and reporting practices can obscure which candidate drugs and combi...

Recent Advances in Omics and Genetic Tools in Schistosome Research and Control.

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease posing a persistent threat to global health, particularly in endemic areas. Mass drug administration w...

Does vesicoureteral reflux severity impact breakthrough UTI risk: a multi-institutional analysis and risk stratification.

BACKGROUND: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common urological disorder in children. To date, VUR severity is assessed by grading, and contemporary mo...

XGBoost-based analysis of short- and long-term COVID-19 air quality impacts in Tehran, Iran.

This study examines the air quality trends associated with COVID-19 lockdowns and the subsequent recovery on air quality in Tehran, employing an estab...

Enhancing nitrogen conservation in aerobic composting through microbial and material interventions: Implications for carbon neutrality.

Nitrogen loss during aerobic composting remains a critical barrier that hinders high-efficiency compost and less greenhouse gas emissions. This review...

Pangenome-based interpretable machine learning framework for predicting antimicrobial resistance in foodborne Escherichia coli.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne Escherichia coli (E. coli) remains a significant public health concern. Predicting AMR from whole-genome s...

10 years of CRISPR/CAS genomic engineering in Yarrowia lipolytica.

Yarrowia lipolytica is a versatile cell factory widely used in bioprocesses for producing lipids, organic acids, and other high-value compounds. Histo...

Machine learning-based risk prediction of 28-day mortality for sepsis patients with augmented renal clearance.

Augmented renal clearance (ARC) frequently occurs in critically ill septic patients and is known to impact survival outcomes. To address this, we aime...

Phenotype discovery and mortality prediction in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: a deep learning and stratified modeling approach.

Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is a common and heterogeneous complication in patients with sepsis and is associated with increased morta...