Infectious Disease

Machine learning-optimized graphene-integrated refractory metasurface for broadband solar energy harvesting.

A graphene-integrated refractory metasurface absorber is proposed for broadband solar thermal energy conversion. Near-unity broadband absorptance across 300-2500 nm is achieved through three concurrent mechanisms: free-space impedance matching, ground-plane-mediated transmission suppression, and multimodal electromagnetic energy dissipation distributed across spectrally coupled plasmonic and diele...

Geometric deep learning enables high-fidelity network imputation for HIV transmission modeling.

BACKGROUND: Accurately mapping social and risk networks is critical for understanding and controlling infectious disease transmission, especially among hard-to-reach populations, such as people who inject drugs (PWID). Yet, empirical sociometric network ascertainment remains challenging and resource-intensive. Geometric deep learning may provide a scalable approach to inferring network structure f...

Homogeneous image-based digital immunoassays with high error tolerance.

There is a significant global health need to translate more in vitro diagnostic tests from clinical laboratories to field-based applications, includin...

Explainable and visualizable machine learning model development and validation for 5-year postoperative survival prediction in prostate cancer patients aged ≥ 65 years.

BACKGROUND: Machine Learning (ML) models have achieved outstanding performance in predicting post-surgical survival. However, the "black-box" nature o...

AI-based prediction of dengue incidence using climatic, environmental, and socio-demographic factors: an ensemble random forest approach with agile system development.

BACKGROUND: Dengue transmission in Indonesia is shaped by interacting climatic, environmental, and socio-demographic factors, yet most forecasting sys...

Classification of spinal tuberculous infection, pyogenic infection and spinal metastasis from magnetic resonance imaging using machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Differentiating between spinal tuberculosis, pyogenic (bacterial) spondylitis and spinal metastasis remains a major diagnostic challenge b...

Imaging Biomarkers for Early Differentiation of Candida and Aspergillus Endogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis: Multicenter Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Analysis.

PURPOSE: Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE) is a rare, sight-threatening intraocular infection with heterogeneous clinical presentations. Candida...

Development of a four-gene host signature for paucibacillary TB among symptomatic individuals with sputum Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra very low and trace results.

OBJECTIVES: The Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) assay is widely used to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), but "very low" or "trace" results may reflec...

The architecture of computational antiviralism: a multi-scale framework from molecular targeting to viral ecosystem engineering.

The recurrent outbreak of viral pathogens and the possibility of the new pandemics demand the transition to the predictive and integrative computation...

Climate and socioeconomic factors drive heterogeneous dengue risk escalation in the Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Dengue risk is increasingly shaped by climate change and rapid urbanization, yet comprehensive, multidimensional risk assessments grounded...

A pan-viral map of host dependency factors from multi-omics integration and machine learning across influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, Zika, and dengue viruses.

BACKGROUND: Host dependency factors (HDF) are essential for viral replication and are promising targets for broad-spectrum antivirals. However, most w...

Artificial intelligence on chest X-ray for tuberculosis screening in Tanzania: a multicentre evaluation.

Tanzania has adopted artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted chest X-ray screening for tuberculosis (TB), including the use of CAD4TB version 6, which i...

Artificial Intelligence in Urologic Documentation: A Review of Emerging Capabilities and the Ongoing Need for Human Oversight.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Clinical documentation continues to expand in volume and complexity, spanning outpatient encounters, inpatient summaries, patient-p...

A systematic review of machine learning approaches to bovine tuberculosis in cattle.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic zoonotic disease, caused by Mycobacterium bovis which despite years of eradication attempts, is still prevalent...

Synthetic inducible bacteria normalize the microenvironment of refractory tumors, potentiating checkpoint inhibitor responses.

Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment but remains ineffective in many solid tumors, largely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironme...

Improved hydro-epidemiological prediction of faecal indicator organisms using knowledge distillation inspired machine learning through dimensionality reduction.

Reliable prediction of Faecal Indicator Organisms (FIOs) in coastal bathing waters remains a major challenge because FIO concentrations could vary rap...

A Novel Covalent Inhibitor Fragment for the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Identified by Target-Specific Deep Learning.

The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro, also known as 3CLpro) is an attractive antiviral drug target due to its essential role in viral replication and ab...

CARS-AMP: A Simple and Efficient Deep Learning Model for Antimicrobial Peptide Prediction.

With the increase in global antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent demand for antibiotic substitutes, for which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have ...

Research Topics and Trends in MIMIC-IV: A Large ICU Database Relevant for Critical Care Nursing.

BACKGROUND: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) clinical database has become a central resource for data-driven critical car...

Advances in Avian Diagnostic Pathology: Current Trends, Challenges and Future Directions: A Review.

Avian pathology is the scientific study of diseases in birds, focusing on the structural, functional and molecular changes in tissues and organs cause...