Infectious Disease

Quantitative whole-body measurement of inflammothrombotic immunologic response disease using Fleming method for tissue and vascular differentiation and metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Precision theranostics in nuclear medicine requires reproducible, calibrated quantification of tissue perfusion, and metabolism. This study evaluates whether the Fleming method for tissue and vascular differentiation and metabolism (FMTVDM) can quantify inflammothrombotic immunologic response disease (ITIRD) as a unified biologic continuum across cardiovascular, oncologic, and infectio...

Role of Ambler Position 104 in Defining Substrate Specificity in the KPC Family of β-Lactamases.

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria pose a critical clinical challenge, largely due to the dissemination of class A Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs). Residue 104 in the α3-α4 loop of KPC enzymes forms part of a hydrophobic node influencing active-site architecture and substrate specificity. We systematically evaluated 19 amino acid substitutions at position 104 in KPC-3 to deter...

OCTN1 variants shape innate immunity and predict individual response to anti-TNFα in ulcerative colitis patients: An exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) exhibits substantial heterogeneity in inflammatory pathways and therapeutic response. The organic cation transport...

Machine Learning in HIV Care and Antiretroviral Therapy: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is expanding across various medical fields, with machine learning (ML) being increasingly used to enhance pat...

Quantifying Components in a Model Vaccine with Machine-Learning-Augmented Raman Spectroscopy.

Vaccination is a highly efficient strategy in controlling infections. Aluminum-containing adjuvants have long been used to enhance immunogenicity, but...

Cost-effectiveness of infection prevention and control measures for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli: A systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Multidrug-resistant organisms, including carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB), have a heavy health and economic burden in ...

A machine learning predictive model for staging chronic hepatitis B inflammation based on non-invasive metrics.

Early screening and antiviral therapy for significant liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain significant barriers as the key to diseas...

A Novel Triose Phosphate Isomerase Inhibitor With Dual Trypanosomicidal Activity was Identified Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Virtual Screening.

Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are neglected protozoan diseases recognized by the World Health Organization as major public health problems. These d...

Accurate profiling of single-cell alternative transcript start sites by correcting RNA degradation.

The generation of transcript variants via alternative utilisation of transcription start sites (TSSs) is a pivotal regulatory mechanism in physiologic...

Risk prediction models for imported infectious diseases: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Accurate prediction models for imported infectious diseases are essential for early warning, cross-border surveillance, and resource alloc...

Automated Detection of Pediatric Pneumonia via Clinically Driven AI Analysis of Lung Ultrasound.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly utilized for diagnosing pediatric pneumonia due to its bedside accessibility, radiation-free nature, and high di...

Ensemble localized patch residual convolution neural networks for pneumonia detection using chest X-ray.

Prospective genomic and epidemiologic surveillance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary NICU.

BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (Kp) is a relevant neonatal pathogen colonizing preterm infants. While outbreak investigations often focus o...

Deep Learning-Based Protein Half-Life Prediction for Identifying Rate-Limiting Enzymes in Metabolic Pathways to Alleviate Bottleneck Reactions.

In synthetic metabolic pathways, the intracellular level of enzymes is a critical determinant of pathway efficiency and, thus, short-lived enzymes cre...

Adjuvant databases and knowledge bases for data-driven research: a computational biology perspective.

In adjuvant research, which has long relied on experience and trial and error, advancements in technologies in broad areas, including artificial intel...

Artificial intelligence and computerized decision support in adult intensive care: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) and computerized clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are increasingly applied in intensive care, yet the...

MethylSense: high accuracy machine learning-based diagnostics for Aspergillus fumigatus infection in chickens using host cell-free DNA methylation and Nanopore sequencing.

Avian aspergillosis, caused by Aspergillus fumigatus (Af), lacks sensitive antemortem diagnostics. Existing microbial cell-free DNA (cfDNA) tests are ...

Ultrasensitive, Rapid, and Incubation-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Sulfasalazine with a GF@PDDA-Ag/rGO Functionalized Membrane and Machine Learning.

Developing rapid detection methods with high sensitivity and real-time capabilities is a critical challenge for monitoring antibiotic pollution. This ...

Gram staining decipherment using an artificial intelligence-powered smartphone-based application.

Gram staining provides rapid microbiological information that may assist in empirical antimicrobial selection; however, the results are often interpre...

Machine Learning Models Using Hospital Admission Characteristics Do Not Optimally Predict Nosocomial Infection Development in a Global Cirrhosis Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections (NI) in cirrhosis are associated with high mortality but could be preventable. Logistic regression (LR) models have ...