Infectious Disease

[Prevention in Gastroenterology].

Gastroenterology offers a broad, evidence-based range of preventive measures that goes beyond colorectal cancer screening. As a specialty of systemic relevance, it plays a key role in preventing, detecting, and controlling severe diseases - from colorectal and liver cancer to pancreatic, esophageal, and gastric cancers. Preventive strategies include lifestyle interventions, structured screening pr...

Making waves: Wastewater sludge holds untapped antimicrobial potential.

Wastewater treatment plants are widely recognized as critical nodes in the environmental dissemination and control of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This risk-focused view is warranted, but incomplete. Wastewater sludge is one of the largest engineered and repeatedly accessible microbiomes on Earth, continuously shaped by diverse microbial inputs and exposure to antimicrobial compounds and other ...

Serum-antibody Profiling of H3N2-infected Ferrets Using a Combinatorial Phage-display Random Peptide Library.

The repertoire of antibodies in serum, known as the "IgOme", is highly diverse and unique to each individual as it reflects the cumulative history of ...

Whole genome sequencing precision medicine strategy to shorten treatment for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (SMARTT): a pragmatic, randomised, single-blind phase 4 trial.

BACKGROUND: All patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis should receive a short course of effective treatment. We aimed to evaluate the effecti...

Evolvable AI: Threats of a new major transition in evolution.

Evolvable AI (eAI), i.e., AI systems whose components, learning rules, and deployment conditions can themselves undergo Darwinian evolution, may soon ...

In vivo CAR-cell therapy: current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances.

In vivo chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy is undergoing a transformative shift from conventional ex vivo manufacturing toward in situ cellu...

Mortality Prediction Among People Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Public Health Facilities in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia: Machine Learning-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Predicting mortality among people living with HIV enables clinicians to implement timely, targeted, and preventive interventions at the st...

Accelerating Leigh syndrome drug discovery through deep learning screening in brain organoids.

Leigh syndrome (Leigh) is an untreatable mitochondrial disorder characterized by lactic acidosis and basal ganglia and midbrain pathology, leading to ...

The role of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in predicting mortality risk in critically ill patients with sepsis: a machine learning model in a cohort study.

Can Algorithms Efficiently Identify Interpretable and Persuasive Message Features? An Agnostic Causal Machine Learning Approach.

Argument strength and message persuasiveness are key constructs in message effects research. Yet, researchers still lack a systematic and efficient ap...

AI at the bedside: Randomised controlled trial of ChatGPT's impact on student performance in real-patient clinical exams.

BACKGROUND: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools are entering clinical training faster than curricula and assessments can adapt. It is curren...

Distinct signatures in the human gut and oral microbiomes of gastric cancer.

Microbiome dysbiosis is increasingly recognized as a hallmark of gastric cancer (GC). Here, we analyzed gut and oral shotgun metagenomic data from 317...

The use of artificial intelligence in headache medical and patient education: Generation of visual aids.

An Integrated Wasserstein GAN-Transformer Deep Learning Framework for Accurate Raman Spectral Identification of Escherichia coli Strains.

Rapid and precise discrimination of Escherichia coli strains─including both pathogenic and nonpathogenic variants─is essential for clinical diagnosis ...

Optimal treatment selection for hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management, necessitating personalized strategies in current guidelines. Despite curat...

Development of a calibrated logistic regression clinical risk score for predicting postoperative sepsis following retrograde intrarenal surgery.

Harnessing machine learning models to repurpose drugs targeting HIV-1 integrase, protease, and reverse transcriptase.

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a type of retrovirus responsible for immunodeficiency syndrome, a sickness that significantly compr...

Robust prediction of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua and aerobic spoilage bacteria growth in food systems using Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Networks.

Spoilage microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria can negatively impact food safety and stability, leading to potential health risks and economic losses...

Circulating Neutrophils Exhibit an Altered Immune Response in Chronic LUTS: An Image-Based Deep Learning Analysis.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Chronic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are characterised by persistent symptoms and elevated urinary leukocyte count...

Harnessing Bacillus inaquosorum AGSP2 for enhancing ω-transaminase production through classical and AI-supported statistical design.

The synthesis of chiral amines is crucial since they are a key component in nearly 40% of top-selling drugs. ω-transaminases are promising biocatalyst...