Infectious Disease

Deep learning-based high-information-content graph representation of early stage bacterial biofilms.

Bacterial biofilms are complex, spatially organized microbial communities that exhibit enhanced resistance to antibiotics and contribute to chronic infections. Understanding their structure, especially during early formation stages, is critical for developing effective intervention strategies. Here, we present a high-resolution computational framework that models biofilms as undirected interaction...

Accelerating tuberculosis diagnosis in Mozambican prisons using digital chest X-rays with computer-aided detection: a longitudinal, comprehensive health intervention.

BACKGROUND: Mozambique has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and in 2021, an estimated 18,000 persons with TB nationwide were not diagnosed. Estimates suggest that globally 47% of TB disease in prisons is undiagnosed. We implemented an integrated-care model health intervention to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of TB disease, provide TB preventive treatment (TPT), and identify and treat other...

"Can a chatbot be used in the full-text screening in a systematic review?".

INTRODUCTION: Large language model-based artificial intelligence tools are increasingly explored to support systematic reviews, yet evidence regarding...

Temporal Knowledge Discovery in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Decade-Long Machine Learning Analysis From Egyptian Clinical Data.

BACKGROUND: Advanced predictive tools are required due to the worldwide persistence of tuberculosis (TB) and the growing threat of multidrug-resistant...

Medium-aware multi-task learning for robust bacterial identification using Raman spectroscopy.

Raman spectroscopy has demonstrated significant potential for rapid bacterial identification; however, bacterial spectral signatures are frequently co...

Forecasting influenza activity based on internet retrieval behavior and meteorological data in four megacities of China.

BACKGROUND: Accurate and timely early warning of seasonal influenza epidemics continues to pose a critical public health challenge. Innovative methodo...

Artificial intelligence-driven cluster analysis for identifying clinical phenotypes in suspected sepsis patients in the emergency department.

Machine learning-based assessment of the healthy human gut mycobiota landscape using ITS1 DNA metabarcoding data.

The human gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining host health and homeostasis, and current literature suggests a bidirectional relationshi...

Protein and genomic language models uncover the unexplored diversity of bacterial immunity.

The bacterial pangenome contains a vast diversity of antiphage systems, whose overall extent is still unknown. In this study, we developed complementa...

DefensePredictor: A machine learning model to discover prokaryotic immune systems.

Antiphage defense systems protect bacteria from viral infection and have inspired important biotechnologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 while also revealing t...

Rapid Identification and Quantification of Aqueous Antibiotics over a Machine Learning-Integrated Raman Sensor Array.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising technique for on-site detection of aqueous pollutants, whereas single-substrate SERS suffers...

Enhancing COVID-19 forecasts with a lightweight multi-head depthwise separable convolution network.

To address the challenge of forecasting COVID-19 with limited data, this paper presents CDSCnet (Chunking Depthwise Separable Convolution network). It...

Enhancing lung diseases recognition through CNN-RNN methodologies.

Diagnostics of respiratory disorders greatly benefit from medical imaging, especially X-ray imaging, which offers important information about the anat...

A machine learning model for post-operative sepsis prediction in acute surgical patients: a multi-centre, prospective study.

'Treasure trove' of antiviral proteins could inspire powerful molecular tools.

Machine learning triumphs in differentiating fungal and bacterial infections.

Dynamic properties of an SARS-CoV-2 epidemic model via stochastic PINNs.

This paper introduces a novel stochastic SEIRV model for investigating the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic using stochastic physics-informed neural ...

Efficacy of swine Influenza A virus vaccines on transmission, viral shedding and clinical signs: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) are a major cause of respiratory disease in pigs, and vaccination remains the main control strategy. The objective o...

Deterioration of immunization resilience: A Bayesian machine learning assessment of the 2025-2026 measles outbreak in Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: The 2025 measles outbreak in Mexico (5741 cases) marked a severe decline in immunization resilience. We aimed to measure this systemic vuln...

Parsimonious and explainable biomarker-based severity score for hospitalised patients with COVID-19-related respiratory infections: development, validation and XAI benchmarking.

BACKGROUND: Severity scoring systems are increasingly important tools for stratifying hospitalised patients, guiding treatment decisions, and enabling...