Infectious Disease

Letter to the Editor: "Evaluating the efficacy of large language models in predicting intensive care unit admission needs".

This letter comments on the study by Turan et al., which evaluates the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in predicting ICU admission needs. While commending the rigorous benchmark established for off-the-shelf LLMs, we propose methodological directions to shift the evaluation paradigm from validating performance against local decisions toward demonstrating generalizable clinical value. Key ...

Antimicrobial discovery from underexplored environments: unlocking specialized metabolism.

The discovery of antibiotics transformed modern medicine and extended the average human lifespan by decades. However, the initial golden era of antibiotic discovery has significantly waned, a decline aggravated by the relentless evolution of drug resistance among human pathogens, ultimately driving the current global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis. The repeated rediscovery of known compound...

Overall risk of cancer incidence attributable to adult body CT examinations: impact of a seven-year continuous quality improvement program.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the impact of a continuous dose reduction and quality improvement program on radiation-induced cancer risk in adult computed t...

Genome-wide detection of human 5' UTR variants that impact protein translation.

The 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) plays a central role in regulating protein synthesis initiation, particularly through th...

Comparative evaluation of multimodal large language models for diagnostic accuracy in pediatric electrocardiography: a prospective comparative diagnostic accuracy study.

UNLABELLED: We evaluated three multimodal LLMs, ChatGPT (GPT-5.2), Gemini 3, and Microsoft Copilot, in pediatric ECG interpretation, focusing on clini...

Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analysis identifies epithelial cell-related biomarkers and immune subtypes in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease, characterized by podocyte inj...

Harnessing the gut microbiota in extra-intestinal cancers: from causal evidence to immunotherapy strategies.

The gut microbiota (GM) has emerged as a key modulator of cancer development and therapeutic response beyond the gastrointestinal tract. In extra-inte...

Nanogels for the targeted delivery of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs.

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems represent a promising platform for advancing biomedical therapies. Among them, nanogels - three‑dimensional, ...

The plastisphere as a nexus for antimicrobial resistance: micro(nano)plastics in pathogen colonization, gene transfer, and global health risks.

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have emerged as pervasive vectors of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with the plastisphere being a microbia...

Reclaiming the writing process using AI: a scaffolded writing assignment that promotes critical thinking, reflection, and accountability.

As the educational landscape changes with the widespread use of generative artificial intelligence (AI), we have made the deliberate choice to adapt w...

The Impact of Evaluation Strategy on Sepsis Prediction Model Performance Metrics in Intensive Care Data: Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The prediction of the onset of sepsis, a life-threatening condition resulting from a dysregulated response to an infection, is one of the ...

Differential Factors Associated With the Presence of Persistent Symptoms in Individuals Diagnosed With Long COVID: Protocol for a Longitudinal Matched Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND: Long COVID (postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection) is a heterogeneous condition with persistent multisystem symptoms and substantial ...

Quaternized polysaccharides: A focused review on molecular engineering, antimicrobial mechanisms, and advanced applications.

The escalating threat of antibiotic resistance has intensified the search for sustainable antimicrobial alternatives. Quaternized polysaccharides, a c...

Biogeochemical and genomic drivers of groundwater DNRA: predictability of ammonium accumulation risk.

Widespread ammonium (NH4+-N) contamination in groundwater, with local concentrations exceeding 20 mg/L, challenges traditional nitrogen removal, which...

Integration of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Lactate for diagnostic and early risk stratification in pediatric sepsis.

Severe COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Therapeutics, and Prognostic Models From Nationwide Data.

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed ongoing clinical and public health challenges worldwide, with Korea providing a unique perspectiv...

Artificial Intelligence in hepatology: A position paper by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming medicine, providing unprecedented opportunities to enhance diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment across all...

The role of digital tools and artificial intelligence in supporting antimicrobial stewardship: Study protocol for a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Since the post-antibiotic era, there has been significant difficulty in treating infectious diseases due to the increase in antimicrobia...

Mapping the subgingival HerBiome and HisBiome over the human healthspan.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the intricate relationship between sex, age, and the oral microbiome is crucial for deciphering the onset and progression of...

D-LIM: A neural network for interpretable gene-gene interactions.

Recent advances in gene editing can produce large genotype-fitness maps for targeted genes, yet predicting the effects of mutations between genes rema...