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Medical Ethics / Professional Responsibility

Latest AI and machine learning research in medical ethics / professional responsibility for healthcare professionals.

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Showing 581-600 of 6,010 articles

EviRCOD: Evidence-Guided Probabilistic Decoding for Referring Camouflaged Object Detection

Referring Camouflaged Object Detection (Ref-COD) focuses on segmenting specific camouflaged targets in a query image using category-aligned references. Despite recent advances, existing methods struggle with reference-target semantic alignment, explicit uncertainty modeling, and robust boundary preservation. To address these issues, we propose EviRCOD, an integrated framework consisting of three c...

Apr 13 2026 2604.10894v1

Camyla: Scaling Autonomous Research in Medical Image Segmentation

We present Camyla, a system for fully autonomous research within the scientific domain of medical image segmentation. Camyla transforms raw datasets into literature-grounded research proposals, executable experiments, and complete manuscripts without human intervention. Autonomous experimentation over long horizons poses three interrelated challenges: search effort drifts toward unpromising direct...

Apr 12 2026 2604.10696v1
Uncertainty-Guided Attention and Entropy-Weighted Loss for Precise Plant Seedling Segmentation

Plant seedling segmentation supports automated phenotyping in precision agriculture. Standard segmentation models face difficulties due to intricate b...

Apr 12 2026 2604.10823v1
Predictive Entropy Links Calibration and Paraphrase Sensitivity in Medical Vision-Language Models

Medical Vision Language Models VLMs suffer from two failure modes that threaten safe deployment mis calibrated confidence and sensitivity to question ...

Apr 10 2026 2604.08941v1
Adapting Foundation Models for Annotation-Efficient Adnexal Mass Segmentation in Cine Images

Adnexal mass evaluation via ultrasound is a challenging clinical task, often hindered by subjective interpretation and significant inter-observer vari...

Apr 9 2026 2604.08045v1
OVS-DINO: Open-Vocabulary Segmentation via Structure-Aligned SAM-DINO with Language Guidance

Open-Vocabulary Segmentation (OVS) aims to segment image regions beyond predefined category sets by leveraging semantic descriptions. While CLIP based...

Apr 9 2026 2604.08461v1
GPAFormer: Graph-guided Patch Aggregation Transformer for Efficient 3D Medical Image Segmentation

Deep learning has been widely applied to 3D medical image segmentation tasks. However, due to the diversity of imaging modalities, the high-dimensiona...

Apr 8 2026 2604.06658v1
RefineAnything: Multimodal Region-Specific Refinement for Perfect Local Details

We introduce region-specific image refinement as a dedicated problem setting: given an input image and a user-specified region (e.g., a scribble mask ...

Apr 8 2026 2604.06870v1
ModuSeg: Decoupling Object Discovery and Semantic Retrieval for Training-Free Weakly Supervised Segmentation

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation aims to achieve pixel-level predictions using image-level labels. Existing methods typically entangle semantic...

Apr 8 2026 2604.07021v1
BPC-Net: Annotation-Free Skin Lesion Segmentation via Boundary Probability Calibration

Annotation-free skin lesion segmentation is attractive for low-resource dermoscopic deployment. However, its performance remains constrained by three ...

Apr 7 2026 2604.05594v1
Adaptive Differential Privacy for Federated Medical Image Segmentation Across Diverse Modalities

Large volumes of medical data remain underutilized because centralizing distributed data is often infeasible due to strict privacy regulations and ins...

Apr 7 2026 2604.06518v1
Adapting SAM to Nuclei Instance Segmentation and Classification via Cooperative Fine-Grained Refinement

Nuclei instance segmentation is critical in computational pathology for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Recently, the Segment Anything Model has demon...

Mar 30 2026 2603.28027v1
Contour-Guided Query-Based Feature Fusion for Boundary-Aware and Generalizable Cardiac Ultrasound Segmentation

Accurate cardiac ultrasound segmentation is essential for reliable assessment of ventricular function in intelligent healthcare systems. However, echo...

Mar 30 2026 2603.28110v1
RAP: Retrieve, Adapt, and Prompt-Fit for Training-Free Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation

Few-shot medical image segmentation (FSMIS) has achieved notable progress, yet most existing methods mainly rely on semantic correspondences from scar...

Mar 29 2026 2603.27705v1
Longitudinal Boundary Sharpness Coefficient Slopes Predict Time to Alzheimer's Disease Conversion in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Survival Analysis Using the ADNI Cohort

Predicting whether someone with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial in the early stages of neurodegen...

Mar 27 2026 2603.26007v1
Verify Claimed Text-to-Image Models via Boundary-Aware Prompt Optimization

As Text-to-Image (T2I) generation becomes widespread, third-party platforms increasingly integrate multiple model APIs for convenient image creation. ...

Mar 27 2026 2603.26328v1
Boundary-Aware Instance Segmentation in Microscopy Imaging

Accurate delineation of individual cells in microscopy videos is essential for studying cellular dynamics, yet separating touching or overlapping inst...

Mar 22 2026 2603.21206v1
HamVision: Hamiltonian Dynamics as Inductive Bias for Medical Image Analysis

We present HamVision, a framework for medical image analysis that uses the damped harmonic oscillator, a fundamental building block of signal processi...

Mar 22 2026 2603.21377v1
Trust the Unreliability: Inward Backward Dynamic Unreliability Driven Coreset Selection for Medical Image Classification

Efficiently managing and utilizing large-scale medical imaging datasets with limited resources presents significant challenges. While coreset selectio...

Mar 18 2026 2603.17603v1
M2P: Improving Visual Foundation Models with Mask-to-Point Weakly-Supervised Learning for Dense Point Tracking

Tracking Any Point (TAP) has emerged as a fundamental tool for video understanding. Current approaches adapt Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) like DINO...

Mar 18 2026 2603.17813v1
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