Medicare

The VISION-AI Trial: protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled non-inferiority trial comparing artificial intelligence-guided colonoscopy to pancolonic chromoendoscopy for neoplasia detection in adults with colorectal inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend pancolonic chromoendoscopy (pCE) over white light endoscopy (WLE) alone for colorectal neoplasia (CRN) detection in individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, these techniques are poorly adopted due to technical and logistical limitations. Artificial intelligence-based computer-aided detection (CADe) is a promising new technology integrate...

Predictive Models for Time to First Opioid Use Disorder or Opioid Overdose Among Older Adults.

BACKGROUND: Limited data exist on predictive models incorporating patient-reported and claims-based measures to identify older adults at risk for opioid use disorder (OUD) or opioid overdose (OD). OBJECTIVES: To develop a predictive model and identify predictors of time to first OUD or OD for older adults. DESIGN: Prognostic study using data from Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants with...

A patient-derived benchmark for evaluating large language models in connective tissue diseases: blinded multi-stakeholder assessment and guideline comparison.

To co-develop disease-specific patient questions for connective tissue diseases (CTDs), compare patient/rheumatologist ratings of answers from languag...

Implications for Access to Chiropractic Services in the Workers' Compensation System: A State-by-State Coverage Policy Comparison.

BACKGROUND: Chiropractic services are well-aligned with the goals of workers' compensation (WC) coverage in returning patients to work timely, safely,...

AI-Assisted Chest X-Ray Interpretation in Resource-Limited Settings: LuAna Stepped-Wedge Trial Protocol.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform chest radiography interpretation by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, identifying...

Geospatial approaches for mapping zero-dose prevalence and routine childhood immunisation coverage in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Zero-dose (ZD) children remain a critical public health concern, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), where ov...

Registered AI Medical-Imaging Clinical Trials on ClinicalTrials.gov: Publication Yield, Predictors, and Portfolio Evolution.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Although artificial intelligence (AI) clinical trials in medical imaging have grown rapidly, peer-reviewed publication outco...

Artificial intelligence platform for promoting learning skills of people with autism spectrum disorder.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that more than one billion people globally suffer from substantial disability. Involving and integrating i...

Explainability in action: A metric-driven assessment of local explanations for healthcare tabular models.

Explainable AI (XAI) is increasingly used in clinical machine learning, yet quantitative evaluation of explanation quality is often reported inconsist...

Clinical safety, content coverage, and patient-centered language of AI responses to periodontal complaint-based queries: a comparative study of four large language models.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical safety, informational completeness, and patient-centered language of responses generated by four large langu...

Community Participation as a Pathway to Strengthen National Precipitation Isotope Products in New Zealand.

Accurate environmental and climate modelling depends on the availability of large observational datasets, yet the generation of such data is often cos...

DeepMethylation: A deep learning framework for tissue-specific DNA methylation prediction and functional variant annotation.

DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression and plays a vital role in cell differentiation, development, and tumor...

An empirical study of defect clustering in deep neural networks and its implications for testing.

DNN decision logic is vulnerable to adversarial attacks, making robustness testing essential for safety-critical intelligent systems. Existing coverag...

ClairS: a deep-learning method for long-read tumor-normal pair somatic small variant calling.

Somatic variant discovery in tumors is crucial for clinical analysis, yet most existing methods are designed for short-read sequencing, with few devel...

SELongVLM: Empowering Long Video Language Models With Self-Corrective Clip Selection.

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled impressive progress in visual-language reasoning, yet long-video understandin...

Tranquillyzer: A Neural Network Framework for Long-read Annotation and Demultiplexing.

Long-read single-cell RNA sequencing enables full-length transcript profiling but remains limited by challenges in interpreting structurally complex s...

Effects of Telerehabilitation Based on Motion Recognition Technology on Exercise Endurance of Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Surgery: Single-Center, Prospective, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of primary pulmonary neoplasms. Complete surgical removal remains the co...

Automated CT Quantification of Iliofemoral Venous Arc Length Demonstrates Left-Sided Predominance and Sex-Specific Variation.

OBJECTIVE: In treatment planning for iliac venous obstruction, iliofemoral venous anatomy is central to procedural planning, but population-level refe...

A digital twin framework for adaptive treatment planning in radiotherapy.

This work aims to develop a digital twin (DT) framework for fast online adaptive proton therapy planning in prostate stereotactic body radiation thera...

Optimising chest computed tomography (CT) scan ranges in paediatric patients to reduce radiation exposure.

AIM: The aim of this study was to accurately position the scan range of unenhanced chest computed tomography (CT) scans for paediatric patients by cla...