Nephrology

Latest AI and machine learning research in nephrology for healthcare professionals.

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NVAITC AI Scientist: A Governed End-to-End Research System -- A Hypertension GWAS Case Study

Agentic research systems are emerging as a new paradigm for coordinating scientific workflows beyond...

GFR-SAM: Training-Free Referring Camouflaged Object Segmentation via Cross-Image Prompting

Referring Camouflaged Object Detection (Ref-COD) requires segmenting hidden targets guided by refere...

Automated Disease Activity Assessment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using Privacy-Preserving Large Language Models

The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) is a crucial but labor-inte...

Reaction-network reasoning with frontier models for experimentally confirmed catalyst-selectivity hypotheses

Catalysts are essential for sustainable chemical manufacturing, yet discovering novel architectures ...

Effect of initiating an ARB- versus ACEI-based regimen on dementia risk, a target trial emulation of 2.5 million US Veterans

Background: Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, yet the comparative effectiveness...

Decoupled Single-Mask Annotation Noise Detection via Cross-Sectional Patch Self-Consistency

Vascular computed tomography datasets are commonly annotated only once per scan, yielding the pervas...

Tacrolimus variability and creatinine predict readmission after liver transplantation

Unplanned readmissions after liver transplantation occur in over 30% of recipients, yet no validated...

RenalTransLSTM: Multi-Horizon Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury in ICU Patients using a Hybrid LSTM-Transformer Architecture

Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects a large proportion of patients in the intensive care un...

Transplanting, inverting, and preventing a misalignment persona: method-conditional emergent misalignment in Qwen2.5

Emergent misalignment (EM) -- the broad misbehaviour a language model acquires after fine-tuning on ...

Gaps in Congenital Heart Disease Care: Social Drivers and Clinical Consequences

BackgroundGaps in care (GIC) among patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are associated with ...

Proposed Context-of-Use Evaluation Framework for Medication Management Tasks Completed by Generative Artificial Intelligence

Background: Standardized evaluation of agentic artificial intelligence (AI) for medication managemen...

PHO-Agents: A Large Language Model Powered Multi-Agent System for Predicting Health Outcomes

Objective: Predicting health outcomes from electronic health records (EHRs) is challenging because t...

Screening for Probable Undiagnosed Hypertension in US Adults Using Interpretable Machine Learning: An NHANES 2017-2018 Study

Background Hypertension remains one of the most challenging healthcare problems in the community. It...

External Validation and Calibration Assessment of Explainable Machine Learning Models for GVHD Prediction After Allogeneic HSCT

BackgroundGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major determinant of morbidity and mortality fo...

Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Initiation of Emergency Dialysis in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

BackgroundInitiation of emergency dialysis, often requiring temporary catheter owing to unprepared d...

MorVess: Morphology-Aware Pulmonary Vessel Segmentation Network

Accurate pulmonary vessel segmentation remains challenging due to the sparse, tortuous, and multi-sc...

Multi-cancer detection using a computationally efficient CNN with transfer learning

This study introduces a computationally efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture en...

Validation of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Mobile Application for Dietary Oxalate Assessment in Kidney Stone Prevention

Background: Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is the most common type of kidney stone disease. Dietary...

Host-derived bile acids drive dysbiosis by selecting bile-resistant epimerizing bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease

Microbial dysbiosis is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD); however, its drivers and imp...

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