Nephrology

Simulation-Trained Deep Learning for Automated Cell-Based HLA Antibody Assay Interpretation in Pre-Transplant Diagnostics

Preformed and de novo antibodies against donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens remain a major cause of antibody-mediated rejection and graft loss after organ transplantation. Although solid-phase assays and virtual crossmatching have reshaped pre-transplant risk assessment, physical crossmatching, which assesses whether recipient antibodies react with donor cells, remains widely used as the...

Precision Management of Fludrocortisone-Related Hypertension Risk in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Machine Learning Approach to Personalized Dosing

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a rare inherited disorder requiring lifelong hormone replacement therapy. Excessive hormone replacement poses a significant risk for long-term complications, such as hypertension; however, quantitative approaches for optimizing dosing remain underdeveloped. This study aimed to identify factors associated with hypertension in patients with CAH and to develop ...

MGM2 as a Unified Foundation Model for Microbiome World Exploration

Microbiomes are information-rich biological systems, yet most computational analyses still reduce communities to cohort-specific abundance tables. Her...

Beyond eplet counts: machine learning integration of evolutionary distance and electrostatic divergence improves prediction of HLA-DQ donor-specific antibody formation after kidney transplantation

Background. The emergence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) against HLA-DQ reduces graft survival and limits future transplant options. Current pract...

Composite Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Electrocardiogram for Detection and Prediction of Structural Heart Disease

Background Structural heart disease (SHD) drives heart failure and cardiovascular mortality but remains underdiagnosed, and echocardiography is limite...

Organism-scale annotation with Pan-human Azimuth

Single-cell atlases now span many human tissues, but inconsistent annotations across studies limit their utility as a unified reference. We introduce ...

Hierarchy-Aware and Anatomy-Guided Learning for Lung Ultrasound Video Classification

Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a bedside tool for assessing pulmonary edema in patients at risk due to heart failure or impaired kidney function. However, a...

CardioMeta: Calibrated Multi-Task Prediction of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease Across Population and EHR Data

Cardiometabolic diseases remain among the most persistent drivers of preventable morbidity because diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease ...

Multi-Agent Dynamic Refinement Outperforms Static RAG in Clinical Reasoning for Complex Nephrology Cases

Background: Large language models (LLMs) struggle with dynamic, longitudinal clinical reasoning. We developed a Multi-Stage Iterative Clinical Reasoni...

From Real-World Data to Virtual Intervention: A Probabilistic Neural Network for Simulating Kidney Function Preservation via Proteinuria Reduction

Predicting the long-term kidney function decline is critical for timely intervention but remains challenging. While the urinary protein-to-creatinine ...

From Many to Meaningful: Feature-Guided Zero-Shot Chronic Kidney Disease Screening Using Large Language Models

Early screening of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is essential for preventing irreversible progression; however, many machine learning (ML)-based screen...

NVAITC AI Scientist: A Governed End-to-End Research System -- A Hypertension GWAS Case Study

Agentic research systems are emerging as a new paradigm for coordinating scientific workflows beyond isolated model inference, code generation, or sta...

GFR-SAM: Training-Free Referring Camouflaged Object Segmentation via Cross-Image Prompting

Referring Camouflaged Object Detection (Ref-COD) requires segmenting hidden targets guided by reference cues. While supervised methods are annotation-...

Automated Disease Activity Assessment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using Privacy-Preserving Large Language Models

The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) is a crucial but labor-intensive tool for managing SLE. We developed a privac...

Reaction-network reasoning with frontier models for experimentally confirmed catalyst-selectivity hypotheses

Catalysts are essential for sustainable chemical manufacturing, yet discovering novel architectures remains a bottleneck dominated by trial-and-error ...

Effect of initiating an ARB- versus ACEI-based regimen on dementia risk, a target trial emulation of 2.5 million US Veterans

Background: Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, yet the comparative effectiveness of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) versus an...

Decoupled Single-Mask Annotation Noise Detection via Cross-Sectional Patch Self-Consistency

Vascular computed tomography datasets are commonly annotated only once per scan, yielding the pervasive yet under addressed problem of single mask ann...

Tacrolimus variability and creatinine predict readmission after liver transplantation

Unplanned readmissions after liver transplantation occur in over 30% of recipients, yet no validated prediction models exist, and prior observational ...

Clinical Impact, Diagnostic Performance, and Prognostic Implications of Plasma Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Introduction: Plasma metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) may detect pathogens in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, but optimal patien...

RenalTransLSTM: Multi-Horizon Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury in ICU Patients using a Hybrid LSTM-Transformer Architecture

Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects a large proportion of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is a major contributor to morbidity, ...