Nephrology

Decoding organ fibrosis: mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Fibrosis is a maladaptive pathophysiological process characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix resulting from dysregulated tissue repair responses. Fibrosis can affect nearly all organ systems, such as the lung, heart, liver, and kidney. Persistent fibrotic remodeling leads to architectural distortion, loss of function, organ failure, and ultimately increased mortality. These d...

Development and validation of a machine learning model for individualised meropenem dosing in CRRT patients.

Optimizing meropenem dosing in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) remains challenging due to significant pharmacokinetic variability. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning (ML)-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) for individualizing meropenem dosing in this population. A large-scale virtual cohort (n = 48,000) was generate...

Percutaneous nephrostomy guidance by a convolutional-neural-network-based optical coherence tomography endoscope.

Percutaneous nephrostomy is widely used in kidney access surgeries. Despite its prevalence in urological interventions, it presents two operational ch...

Predicting VRE Infection After Liver Transplantation With a Time-Updated Colonization Score.

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infection is a life-threatening complication after liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed to...

PAH-former: Transfer learning for efficient discovery of pulmonary arterial hypertension-associated genes.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease with limited effective therapies, making the discovery of new therapeut...

AI-enhanced non-invasive diagnosis of chronic kidney disease using LIBS of fingernail biomarkers.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic condition that leads to progressive renal failure and metabolic imbalances that may be detected in the kera...

Utility of augmented reality in endoscopic surgery for stones: European Association of Urology endourology up-to-date review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The development of digital solutions has a direct impact on the modern understanding of the future of urology. Augmented reality is...

Integrated analysis of therapeutic strategies and prognostic factors in advanced lung adenocarcinoma: Retrospective study with emphasis on gene assays, multimodality treatment approaches and predictive machine learning models.

Patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma have a range of treatment options, including targeted therapy and gene assay-guided chemotherapy. The aim o...

Heterogeneous associations of a mobile health-based disease management program on uncontrolled hypertension: A target trial emulation study.

Long-term effectiveness of digital health interventions for hypertension remains unclear, particularly regarding individual variability in treatment r...

Harnessing the gut-heart axis for cardiovascular drug innovation: microbiome, metabolites, and personalized treatment strategies.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide despite major advances in pharmacotherapy. Emerging evidence reveals a p...

Systemic Proteome Profiling to Differentiate Primary Glomerular Diseases.

BACKGROUND: Primary glomerulonephritis (GN) is a heterogeneous group of kidney disorders where understanding their pathophysiology remains incomplete....

A Hybrid Physics-Driven Neural Network Force Field for Liquid Electrolytes.

Electrolyte design plays an important role in the development of lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries. Battery electrolytes feature a large ...

Machine Learning-Based Preoperative Predicting TERT Promoter Mutation and EGFR Gene Amplification Phenotype in IDH Wild-Type Glioblastoma Using Advanced MR Habitat Imaging.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene promoter mutation is a crucial factor for identifying an isocitrate dehydroge...

Association between visceral adipose tissue measured by deep neural network architecture and chronic kidney disease.

The relationship between abdominal body composition and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well-documented. In this study, we aimed to investigate the as...

Bridging structure and function: artificial intelligence-based modelling of kidney proteins.

The ability to predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence has potential to provide insights into its function, ...

Multimodal MRI-based two-stage artificial intelligence framework for renal fibrosis classification in chronic kidney disease.

Association between fundus sex index and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking in the Kumejima study.

Fundus parameters can be used to quantify masculinity or femininity as a fundus sex index (FSI) ranging from 0 to 1. The purpose of this study was to ...

MAAR-Net: Multi-scale attention-assisted residual neural network for renal microvascular structure segmentation.

Renal disease represents a significant public health concern, with renal microvascular lesions playing a crucial role in disease progression. Accurate...

Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy in Kidney and Bladder Cancer: Current Evidence and Emerging Paradigms.

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy has emerged as a strategy to improve outcomes in high-risk localized genitourinary malignancies. In bladder cancer, neoad...

Phenoxy-linked colchicine derivatives: A structure-based approach toward enhanced selectivity and α-tubulin interaction.

Colchicine, a well-known microtubule assembly inhibitor that binds to β-tubulin, has limited clinical utility due to high systemic toxicity. To enhanc...