Neurology

Latest AI and machine learning research in neurology for healthcare professionals.

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Differential Associations of Microglial Inflammation on LATE-NC and Tangle-Related Hippocampal Atrophy

BACKGROUND: Accumulations of AD and LATE-NC both contribute to changes in hippocampal volume, possibly via distinct and/or overlapping mechanisms. Microglia-driven inflammation is a shared pathway associated with both AD and LATE-NC. However, the extent to which microglia inflammation is associated with hippocampal volume is less understood. OBJECTIVE: Examine the relationship between AD and LATE-...

Leveraging a Foundation Model for the EEG-Based Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Biological heterogeneity in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) poses a critical diagnostic challenge, particularly for traditional linear methods that fail to capture non-linear neural dynamics. To address this, we propose a diagnostic framework utilizing the Large Brain Model (LaBraM), pretrained on over 2,500 hours of EEG data. By integrating these high-dimensional latent embeddings with a non-linear Rand...

Aug 27 2026 2608.27719v1
Resting-state EEG network markers differentiate people with epilepsy and functional seizures

Background: Distinguishing epilepsy from functional/dissociative seizures (FDS) is an ongoing diagnostic challenge. Using a well-controlled clinical E...

Intent Drift in LLM-Assisted Brain Computer Interface Communication: An In-Silico Benchmark Under Simulated Decoder Corruption

Background Large language models are increasingly proposed to post-edit decoded text in communication brain-computer interfaces and augmentative commu...

Explainable Deep Learning Reveals Distributed Neurodegeneration Signatures of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Across the Alzheimer's Continuum

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are increasingly recognized as critical components of the disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet their r...

Virtual iEEG from Scalp EEG: Charting the Landscape of Source Imaging, Intracranial Inference and Reconstruction

Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) provides temporally precise and spatially specific access to neural activity from focal and deep brain regi...

Aug 27 2026 2608.26998v1
Deep Learning Segmentation of Diffusion-Weighted MRI Acute Ischaemic Stroke: A Pragmatic Evaluation Across Three Datasets

Objective: Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) is the gold standard for visualizing and quantifying acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Although deep learning ...

Aug 26 2026 2608.25675v1
MyoMechanix: Biomechanically-Grounded Compositional Skilled Activity Understanding and Coaching

Existing action quality assessment (AQA) datasets and methods rely primarily on visual inputs such as RGB and pose, overlooking physiological dynamics...

Aug 26 2026 2608.26094v1
Behind the [MASK]: Disentangling Representation and Faithfulness in DAPF-Based Dementia Detection

Spoken-language analysis via prompt-based domain-adaptive models is a promising direction for low-resource, non-invasive dementia screening, but such ...

Aug 25 2026 2608.25028v1
CHIASM: A Self-Supervised Visual Field Encoder for Neuro-Ophthalmology

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems for glaucoma diagnosis and prognostication from visual fields (VF) are under active development, yet ...

MAESTRO: A Public, Generalizable Model for Stroke Lesion Segmentation from T1 MRI Across the Recovery Continuum

Accurate stroke lesion segmentation is essential for large-scale neuroimaging studies, yet manual delineation remains labor-intensive, and existing au...

Cell type-resolved chromatin accessibility clocks for brain aging

Aging is a progressive decline in biological function that is proposed to be driven by the accumulation of epigenetic noise and the loss of epigenetic...

Spoken Recall Reveals Lexical and Mnemonic Function Differences in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Background and Objectives: Word-finding difficulty is common in healthy aging and in neurologic disorders, including temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and ...

PINN-ing the Balloon: A Physically Informed Neural Network Modelling the Nonlinear Haemodynamic Response Function in MRI

Accurate characterisation of the haemodynamic response function (HRF) is central to interpreting blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in functi...

Taming foundation model with invariance-oriented pre-training for broad-spectrum EEG analysis across signal-level, brain-state, and brain-health tasks

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used window into human brain function, but most EEG models remain tied to a one-dataset-one-model supervised ...

Aug 25 2026 2608.24597v1
Parameter-Efficient Self-Supervised Adaptation for EEG-FM under Fixed Computational Budgets

EEG foundation models pretrained via self-supervised learning promise transferable representations, but their generalization remains limited, especial...

Aug 25 2026 2608.24727v1
Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks for StrokePrediction: Towards Improved Diagnostic Accuracy

Brain stroke, known for its high mortality and incidence rates, poses significant health risks and requires rapid intervention for survival. Early dia...

Aug 25 2026 2608.24771v1
Native-Space 3D CarveMix for Multi-Site T1w Stroke Segmentation

Segmenting ischemic stroke lesions on T1-weighted (T1w) MRI acquired across different scanners and protocols without intensity standardization is diff...

Aug 24 2026 2608.23882v1
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist initiation and risk of clinically recorded Alzheimer's disease-type dementia in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a target trial emulation using causal machine learning

Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are increasingly used for type 2 di...

Evaluating computational assays of chronic fatigue using UK Biobank data

Chronic fatigue, characterized by persistent physical and/or mental exhaustion, is a frequent and debilitating symptom in medicine. Despite its impact...

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