Neurology

Latest AI and machine learning research in neurology for healthcare professionals.

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A Configurable Privacy-Preserving MRI Processing Workflow Using Deep Learning-Based Brain Extraction and Adaptive Anatomical Preservation

Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely used in neuroimaging research and clinical practice, but structural MRI volumes may retain facial and cranial anatomical information that raises privacy concerns. Existing deep learning-based brain extraction methods generally produce a single fixed output, limiting flexibility when different applications require different balances between priv...

Aug 18 2026 2608.18316v1

Automated language impairment screening in acute stroke using connected speech

Connected speech is essential for everyday communication, but clinical constraints and patient fatigue limit detailed evaluation in acute stroke (<1-week post-stroke). Bedside assessments may sample discourse but rarely quantify language impairment (LI) in connected speech, leaving patient communication poorly characterized. We analyzed brief story retellings from 86 patients with left-hemisphere ...

Seizure Onset Zone Localization in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Using Self-Supervised Learning on Stereo-EEG

Accurate localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) is a central determinant of surgical outcome in drug-resistant focal epilepsy, yet identifying i...

A Comprehensive Benchmark of EEG-Based BCI Deep Learning Models for MCI and Dementia Classification

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising tool for automated detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, but comparisons across studi...

Discovery of Selective Small-Molecule Ligands of SV2C by AI-Enhanced Virtual Screening and Experimental Validation

Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) is a vesicular protein enriched in dopaminergic neurons of the basal ganglia that modulates dopamine storage a...

Population Structure Analysis of an Inbred Population using Quantitative Shape Phenotyping from Stereo Retinal Photographs

The population structure of an inbred population of 781 people on Norfolk Island in the Pacific, 318 of which are descendants of the original Mutineer...

Aug 16 2026 2608.15471v1
EEG-PRISM: Physiologically-Grounded Interpretability of Predictions by EEG Foundation Models

Objective: Foundation models represent the next advancement in AI for EEG analysis; however current explainable AI techniques provide attribution scor...

Aug 13 2026 2608.13676v1
Data-driven techniques for translational neuroscience and personalized neuro-health

Neurodegenexrative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are diagnosed most reliably only after substantial, often irreversible...

Aug 13 2026 2608.13749v1
Label-Free Deep-Tissue Peripheral Nerve Detection with a Handheld Multimodal OCT Probe and NerveDetNet

Peripheral nerves buried beneath intact tissue are difficult to visualize during surgery and remain inaccessible to white light wide-field imaging and...

Aug 13 2026 2608.13807v1
Perturbation-based Regional Interpretability through Subtraction Mapping (PRISM): naming-error dissociations in language models and post-stroke aphasia

Mechanistic interpretability of large language models lacks spatially resolved, falsifiable tools for testing whether internal components are speciali...

Aug 13 2026 2608.12717v1
A Deep RL based Framework for Targeted White Matter Tractography

Fiber tractography's ability to reconstruct the brain's structural pathways, has made it a crucial component of modern neuroimaging, enabling detailed...

Aug 13 2026 2608.12960v1
How Good are Foundation Models in Longitudinal MRI Disease Progression Reasoning?

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) interpretation is fundamental to clinical decision-making, requiring radiologists to integrate multi-view anatomical ...

Aug 13 2026 2608.13309v1
Personalized Scorer Modeling: A Learning-Based Framework for Deriving Robust Sleep Stage Labels from Multiple Experts

Sleep stage classification is important for the diagnosis and management of sleep disorders, yet most automatic staging studies evaluate models agains...

Aug 12 2026 2608.12446v1
A comparison of CNN architectures for Alzheimer's disease detection in single-view MRI scans

Alzheimer's disease is a leading cause of death with no cure. Therefore, early detection is critical to slow progression and preserve quality of life....

Aug 12 2026 2608.11762v1
Label-Free Parkinson's Disease Screening from Face and Voice through Mechanistic Interpretability

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Typical machine learning screening methods require PD labels, but the a...

Aug 10 2026 2608.08976v1
A Multi-Scale Temporal Framework with Dynamic Fusion for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition

Mixed emotions represent a clinically relevant but still underexplored target for automatic emotion recognition. EEG provides millisecond-level access...

Aug 10 2026 2608.09088v1
Deep probabilistic logic programming for diagnostic reasoning from incomplete information: A case study in stroke detection

In medical applications, raw data is frequently associated with significant privacy concerns, lending particular importance to the encoding of summary...

Aug 9 2026 2608.08561v1
Parcel2Progression: An Anatomy-aware Longitudinal Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression is a longitudinal process with subtle pathological cues in the early stages. Yet, computational constraints have ...

Aug 9 2026 2608.08753v1
Decoding Phenotypes: A Framework for Fusing Genomic Language Models and Neuroimaging

Neuroimaging and genetic testing are two important clinical references for nervous system diseases, offering complementary diagnostic information. How...

Aug 9 2026 2608.08926v1
The Illusion of Understanding: A Randomized Controlled Trial of LLM-Generated Lay Summaries of Brain MRI Reports

Background: Large language models have been proposed to improve patient comprehension of radiology reports. However, whether they improve objective un...

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