Neurology

Multimodal neuroimaging-microbiota integration identifies Akkermansia as a modulator of alcohol-induced gut-liver-brain pathology

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) disrupts the gut-liver-brain axis, yet mechanistically grounded and therapeutically actionable targets within this network remain poorly defined. To identify microbial modulators of alcohol-induced tissue pathology, longitudinal advanced diffusion MRI and fecal 16S rRNA profiling were integrated across Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats evaluated at baseline, a...

Nup153 regulates neuronal responsiveness through HDAC1-mediated epigenetic modulation

Neural activity-dependent gene regulation is central to the development of neural networks and neuronal plasticity. Induction of activity-dependent gene programs is equally important as repression of these programs, and both need to be balanced carefully. However, little is known about how repressive mechanisms modulate neuronal responsiveness across the genome before stimulation. Here, we identif...

Predicting Cognitive Function Using Transformer-Derived Speech Representations and Longitudinal Coherence Features

Dementia affects more than 55 million people worldwide, and its progressive decline is difficult to track using infrequent in-person assessments, whic...

Invasion status stratifies the composition of the human pancreatic cancer perineural niche

The peripheral nervous system innervates the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) microenvironment, and perineural invasion (PNI), the invasion of ...

Is Self-Pretraining really useful to improve diagnosis in medical Time Series?

Inspired by recent evidence that transformer architectures benefit from Self-PreTraining (SPT) on long-context benchmarks, we investigate whether simi...

Does FLAIR super-resolution erase or hallucinate small white-matter lesions?

White matter hyperintensities (WMH), bright regions on Fluid-attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) scans are associated with cerebrovascular pathology...

From Continuous Predictors to Clinical Thresholds: Early Evidence on Performance Trade-offs of Guideline-Based Categorisation for Ischaemic Stroke Outcome Prediction

Machine learning models achieve strong predictive accuracy for 90-day outcome prediction in acute ischaemic stroke, yet clinical adoption is limited b...

Diagnostic Accuracy of a locally deployed Large Language Model Algorithm for Automated Code Stroke Pathway Identification in Emergency Department Triage Notes

Background: Delayed Code Stroke activation contributes to worse outcomes in acute stroke. Emergency Department (ED) triage notes contain free-text cli...

NeuroAid An Open-Data Multimodal Screening Framework for Parkinson's and Depression Risk Estimation

Neurological and mental-health conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) impose a substantial and growing global...

REDDI: A Riemannian Ensemble Learning Framework for Interpretable Differential Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson s Disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Scleros...

Explainable HGT-based framework for predicting human dark kinase protein-pathway associations by leveraging BERT-based embeddings and WGAN-GP

Discovery of pathway associations and druggability can leverage underutililized dark kinase genes for treating complex diseases (proven for cancer and...

Benchmarking Generalizability in Deep Learning-Based White Matter Tract Segmentation

White matter tracts (WMTs) are the brain's structural foundation for information transfer, underlying essential cognitive and behavioral functions. Wh...

Tau reduction counteracts transcriptomic and behavioral abnormalities in an Alzheimer amyloid model

Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes amyloid formation, neuritic dystrophy, gliosis, synapse loss, behavioral abnormalities, and weight loss. 5xFAD transge...

CRIL-U-Net: Compact Ratio-Interaction Learning for Focal Cortical Dysplasia Segmentation from T1w and FLAIR MRI

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type II is an important structural cause of drug-resistant focal epilepsy, but its small size, heterogeneous appearance...

Bridging Online and Offline Handwriting via Differentiable Physical Rendering

Realistic handwritten text generation plays an important role in numerous applications, such as font design, biometric authentication, and robotic cal...

GoT-CD: Graph-of-Thoughts Causal Discovery and the Fragility of Post-hoc Path-Specific Fairness Audits

Causal discovery recovers directed structure from observational data and is increasingly used in clinical settings to support mechanism reasoning and ...

Machine learning to detect intraoperative ischemia from electroencephalography in carotid endarterectomy surgery

Cerebral ischemia is a significant concern during high-risk surgeries, such as carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Continuous electroencephalography, monito...

Hybrid novice-AI system achieves expert-level performance in intraoperative ischemia detection

Carotid endarterectomy carries the risk of intraoperative cerebral ischemia, which is monitored by expert neurophysiologists through continuous electr...

The aging rhythm: spatio-temporal dynamics of resting alpha oscillations in young and older brains

Aging is associated with substantial alterations in brain oscillatory activity, particularly within the alpha band (8 -12 Hz). Yet, little is known ab...

Combining Machine Learning and Directed Evolution for Optimization of a Monooxygenase

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) is an important pharmaceutical for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and a precursor to numerous catechol-con...