Neurology

Latest AI and machine learning research in neurology for healthcare professionals.

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Death in People with Down syndrome: Mortality statistics and novel predictors in US Medicaid and Medicare enrolled adults.

People with Down syndrome have higher age-specific mortality rates compared to the general population as well as peers with other intellectual and developmental disabilities. While a large proportion of mortality is attributable to Alzheimers disease, many die prior to Alzheimers diagnosis and some live to old ages, dying without Alzheimers. Our objectives were to use 11 years of Medicaid and Medi...

What Do Persistent Misclassifications Tell Us About Alzheimer's Disease Detection using Structural MRI?

Deep learning classifiers applied to structural MRI (sMRI) have achieved high performance in detecting Alzheimer's Disease (AD), yet systematic investigation of their failure modes remains limited. In this study, we trained two deep learning architectures to classify AD from cognitively normal (CN) participants using sMRI data from the ADNI dataset, and examined whether misclassifications persist ...

Calibrated Alzheimer's Conversion Risk in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Persistent Homology of Clinical Trajectories with Conformal Guarantees

Background. Predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is central to trial enrichment and care planning, y...

Jul 20 2026 2607.17442v1
BrainNext: A General-Purpose Self-Supervised Foundation Model for Brain MRI Analysis

Foundation models pretrained using self-supervised learning have transformed computer vision by learning transferable representations from large-scale...

Jul 20 2026 2607.17782v1
Differentiable Logic Gate Networks for Low-Latency EEG Classification on Edge Devices

Real-time EEG classification on edge devices is bottlenecked by the floating-point arithmetic of conventional neural networks. We investigated Differe...

Jul 20 2026 2607.18149v1
CORAL: Learning Amyloid Fibril Ligand Docking with Cooperative Binding Rewards

A hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's is the aberrant aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils, and small m...

Jul 19 2026 2607.17412v1
A Preoperative Electroencephalography Signature for Predicting Treatment Response to Deep Brain Stimulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but outcomes are heterogeneous and non-respond...

Physiological Prior-Driven Label Enhancement for Cross-Subject EEG Emotion Recognition

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition captures affective neural signals with high temporal precision, but cross-subject variability a...

Jul 17 2026 2607.15566v1
Benchmarking MRI Representations for Deep Learning-Based Focal Cortical Dysplasia Segmentation

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the leading structural causes of drug-resistant focal epilepsy, yet its subtle and heterogeneous imaging char...

Jul 17 2026 2607.15605v1
Towards Artificial Nerves: Biomimetic Optical-Fiber Tactile Sensing for Robots

Robotic systems increasingly demand tactile sensing that approaches the adaptability and resolution of human skin to enable dexterous manipulation and...

Jul 17 2026 2607.15746v1
Spatial Normalization for Cross-Domain Retinal Layer Segmentation in Optical Coherence Tomography

Retinal layer segmentation in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a fundamental step for extracting quantitative biomarkers of retinal structure. In...

Jul 17 2026 2607.16065v1
Large Language Model - Enhanced Decision Tree Framework for Identifying Multiple Sclerosis Diagnoses from Clinical Documentation

Background. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet diagnostic delays are common. Large language models (LLMs) su...

Machine learning and data-driven models for predicting post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) contributes to aspiration, pneumonia, malnutrition, prolonged hospitalization and mortality. We evaluated the ...

Portable Ultra-Low Field MRI Deep-Learning Algorithms for White Matter Lesion Segmentation Improve Accuracy and Reflect Clinical Disability in Multiple Sclerosis

White matter lesion (WML) identification, assessment, and characterization using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are fundamental for diagnosis and mo...

Deep Learning Approaches for Sleep Apnea Classification from Polysomnographic EEG Signals

Sleep apnea diagnosis via polysomnography remains resource intensive and relies on time consuming manual data analysis and scoring. Recent work has de...

Jul 16 2026 2607.15477v1
Multi-matrix copper exposure is associated with reduced olfactory bulb volume and odor sensitivity in adolescents

Copper (Cu) is an essential metal involved in neurobiological processes including energy metabolism and neurotransmission, yet dysregulated Cu levels ...

Sex Differences in the Alzheimer's Brain Age Gap: APOE ε4 Plays a Major Role

INTRODUCTION: Brain age gap (BAG) is the difference between a person's chronological age and the age predicted from the structural appearance of their...

A Temporal Machine Learning-Based Time-to-Event Model for Predicting ALS Progression and Healthcare Utilization

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease in which predicting clinically meaningful milestones,...

Jul 15 2026 2607.14190v1
NeuroGRIP: Retrieval-Augmented Graph Refinement for Knowledge-Grounded EEG Seizure Diagnosis

Seizure diagnosis from EEG signals is a critical yet persistently challenging task, due to the complicated neural dynamics and the spurious connection...

Jul 15 2026 2607.14314v1
The Prognostic Value of Genetic Architectures in Cognitive Decline

Background & Methods: The multifaceted physical nature of heritable cognitive impairment in dementia presents significant challenges for traditional l...

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