Neurology

A false discovery rate control method using a fully connected hidden Markov random field for neuroimaging data.

False discovery rate (FDR) control methods are essential for voxel-wise multiple testing in neuroimaging data analysis, where hundreds of thousands or even millions of tests are conducted to detect brain regions associated with disease-related changes. Classical FDR control methods (e.g., BH, q-value, and LocalFDR) assume independence among tests and often lead to high false non-discovery rates (F...

The Future of Glaucoma: Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Precision Medicine for Patient-Centered Care.

PURPOSE: To summarize the main topics discussed during the 29th Annual Optic Nerve Rescue and Restoration Think Tank Meeting "The Future of Glaucoma: Harnessing Data, AI, and Precision Medicine for Patient-centered Care" held in New York on June 20th and 21st, 2025. METHODS: The main findings from presentations on data integration and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to advance unde...

A large dataset of brain imaging linked to health systems data: curation and access to a whole system national cohort from NHS Scotland.

We present the design and implementation of a data curation framework to generate a large-scale clinical brain imaging dataset suitable for artificial...

Development and validation of an explainable prediction model for post-stroke epilepsy in patients with ischaemic stroke following mechanical thrombectomy: a multicentre retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: In this retrospective multicentre cohort study, we aimed to develop and validate an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for early pos...

The combined use of in vivo confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography in monitoring corneal infections.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Infectious keratitis (IK) is a major cause of blindness worldwide, requiring prompt diagnosis and management. This study evaluates th...

Dementia transition in early cognitive decline trajectories (DETECT) study: a prospective longitudinal study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment is widely recognized as a high-risk state associated with a progression to dementia. Although previous studies h...

The role of emerging technology in expanding regional anesthesia education and patient access.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this article is to identify promising technologies that can enhance core regional anesthesia training, competence, a...

Stroke detection in medical emergency calls: a retrospective analysis and exploratory evaluation of an AI decision support model.

BACKGROUND: Timely identification of acute stroke during medical emergency calls is critical for optimizing patient outcomes. We aimed to (i) characte...

Machine Learning-Enhanced Ultrasensitive Immuno-CRISPR Array Facilitates Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease by Detecting Multiple Plasma Biomarkers.

Early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a significant challenge due to the multifactorial and dynamic nature of its pathology...

Evolution of Chatbots as an Educational and Supportive Digital Intervention for Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: Protocol for a Systematic Integrative Review.

BACKGROUND: Most people with dementia reside in the community and are cared for by family members. Family caregivers play an essential role in support...

Identifying Unmonitored Tone Drift in Patient Education Materials Transcribed to a Lower Reading Level by a Large Language Model.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Effective patient education is essential in neurosurgery, but many materials exceed recommended readability levels, which c...

Distinct mental fatigue mechanisms under prolonged work and night shifts Implications for safety management in a real-world oil drilling site.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate how shift work and prolonged working hours affect mental fatigue under real-world working conditions, focus...

Neuroendocrine basis of affective behavior: what we can learn from differences in sex development (DSD).

Steroid hormones influence affective behavior and its underlying neural networks. However, distinguishing between organizational and activational horm...

Enhancing stroke recovery: the role of upper limb rehabilitation robot-assisted training.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of upper limb rehabilitation robot-assisted training in stroke patients. METHODS: A total of 101 ...

Decision tree with randomized grid search-based hyperparameter tuning and optimal feature scaling for diabetes diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a chronic condition that arises when the body cannot effectively regulate blood glucose levels, either due to insufficient ins...

Interpretable Machine Learning to Predict Anxiety or Depression in Acute Ischemic Stroke after IV Thrombolysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) represents a prevalent cerebrovascular condition characterized by significant levels of disability and mortali...

Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Targeting Ferroptosis to Combat Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) often results in significant morbidity and mortality. The effectiveness of current reperfusion therapies i...

Scan-wise generalized PET denoising with contrastive adversarial learning.

Objective.Deep learning has significantly advanced low-count positron emission tomography (PET) denoising. However, models trained on specific distrib...

Developing an Advanced Deep Learning-based MR Image Framework for Brain Stroke Segmentation and Classification with Novel Activation Function.

Stroke is considered as one of the most prevalent causes of death and disability for the humans, although it is preventable and treatable. Earlier str...

Impact of middle meningeal artery embolization on neurological complications and discharge outcomes in chronic subdural hematoma: A machine learning-based comparative study.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) predominantly affects older adults, often those with prior head trauma, anticoagulation therapy, or chr...