Neurology

Latest AI and machine learning research in neurology for healthcare professionals.

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Showing 9821-9840 of 13,873 articles

Autoencoders for unsupervised analysis of rat myeloarchitecture

Quantitative assessment of brain histology is often constrained by predefined feature sets and labor-intensive manual annotations. To overcome these limitations, we employed unsupervised deep learning to automatically extract and quantify tissue organizational patterns from myelin-stained rat brain sections without the need for prior labeling. We evaluated nonlinear convolutional autoencoders (AEs...

MIRAGE: Knowledge Graph-Guided Cross-Cohort MRI Synthesis for Alzheimer's Disease Prediction

Reliable Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis increasingly relies on multimodal assessments combining structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Electronic Health Records (EHR). However, deploying these models is bottlenecked by modality missingness, as MRI scans are expensive and frequently unavailable in many patient cohorts. Furthermore, synthesizing de novo 3D anatomical scans from sparse, ...

Mar 2 2026 2603.02434v1
Predicting visual function before glaucoma onset from baseline optical coherence tomography scans using deep learning

Background: The visual field (VF) test results of many eyes with glaucoma progress despite treatment. This suggests that some eyes are either untreate...

The Combinatorial Capacity and Robustness of Hierarchical Concept Coding in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe

The human brain encodes a virtually infinite repertoire of semantic concepts using a finite number of neurons, a feat that defies the capacity limits ...

MONICA: A Web Application for Automated Whole Optic Nerve Contour Extraction and Morphometric Analysis Validated Across Taxonomic Orders and Image Quality Levels

Quantitative assessment of optic nerve health requires metrics beyond axon counts alone. Axon density and glial coverage fraction correlate with clini...

Multiomic Spatial Imaging Assay (MSIA) -- A High-plex In Situ Detection Method for mRNAs, Proteins, and Protein-Protein Interactions using Manual And Semi-Automated Workflows

We report Multiomics Spatial Image Analysis (MSIA), a suite of technologies that include streamlined manual and semi-automated workflows to image 100s...

Frequency-dependent diffusion tensor distribution imaging in the evaluation of ischemic stroke

Non-invasive MRI is widely used to assess and monitor ischemic stroke, yet conventional approaches often lack sensitivity to subtle microstructural ch...

Align-cDAE: Alzheimer's Disease Progression Modeling with Attention-Aligned Conditional Diffusion Auto-Encoder

Generative AI framework-based modeling and prediction of longitudinal human brain images offer an efficient mechanism to track neurodegenerative progr...

Mar 2 2026 2603.01552v1
PreSight: Preoperative Outcome Prediction for Parkinson's Disease via Region-Prior Morphometry and Patient-Specific Weighting

Preoperative improvement rate prediction for Parkinson's disease surgery is clinically important yet difficult because imaging signals are subtle and ...

Mar 2 2026 2603.01948v1
MMTA: Multi Membership Temporal Attention for Fine-Grained Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment

To empower the iterative assessments involved during a person's rehabilitation, automated assessment of a person's abilities during daily activities r...

Mar 1 2026 2603.00878v1
Clinically-aligned ischemic stroke segmentation and ASPECTS scoring on NCCT imaging using a slice-gated loss on foundation representations

Rapid infarct assessment on non-contrast CT (NCCT) is essential for acute ischemic stroke management. Most deep learning methods perform pixel-wise se...

Feb 27 2026 2602.23961v1
MINT: Multimodal Imaging-to-Speech Knowledge Transfer for Early Alzheimer's Screening

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which mild cognitive impairment (MCI) marks a critical transition between aging and...

Feb 27 2026 2602.23994v1
Automated Segmentation of Post-Surgical Resection Cavities on MRI in Focal Epilepsy: a MELD Study

Objective Quantitative assessment of extent of tissue resection following epilepsy surgery requires accurate delineation of the resection cavity on po...

Parkinson's Disease motor and non-motor progression models emerge from pathway-level transcriptomics

Background Prognosis and therapeutic management in Parkinson's disease is a challenging task by its highly heterogeneous disease progression and sympt...

Brain-OF: An Omnifunctional Foundation Model for fMRI, EEG and MEG

Brain foundation models have achieved remarkable advances across a wide range of neuroscience tasks. However, most existing models are limited to a si...

Feb 26 2026 2602.23410v1
Classification of Adolescent Drinking via Behavioral, Biological, and Environmental Features: A Machine Learning Approach with Bias Control

In 2024, approximately 30% of U.S. adolescents reported having consumed alcohol at least once in their lifetime, with about 25% of these individuals e...

Association between Interictal Spike Rate and Seizure Frequency in a Large Epilepsy Cohort

Importance: Tracking and predicting seizure frequency in patients with epilepsy is important for prognostication and therapy management. Interictal sp...

Towards Translational Sleep Staging: A Cross-Species Deep-Learning Model for Rodent and Human EEG

Study Objectives Automated sleep staging underpins clinical sleep assessment and translational neuroscience, yet most data analyses work addresses hum...

Permutation-calibrated stability discovery under ???? >> ????: A leak-controlled Machine Learning framework identifies candidate proteomics panels in antiseizure medication-related side effects

We investigated whether the plasma proteome distinguishes people with epilepsy who report central nervous system (CNS) side effects from antiseizure m...

Autoregressive Visual Decoding from EEG Signals

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have become a popular medium for decoding visual information due to their cost-effectiveness and high temporal reso...

Feb 26 2026 2602.22555v1
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