Neurology

Latest AI and machine learning research in neurology for healthcare professionals.

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Domain Adaptation Enables Cross-site Classification of First-episode Schizophrenia from Multimodal Neuroimaging Data

Identifying robust neuroimaging markers associated with schizophrenia is essential for advancing research and informing clinical understanding. However, a major obstacle to clinical translation is the limited ability of neuroimaging-based classification models to generalise across scanning sites. In this study, we first establish best performing within-site models, and then systematically investig...

An agentic framework turns patient-sourced records into a multimodal map of ALS heterogeneity

ALS shows marked clinical heterogeneity, yet much real-world evidence remains trapped in unstructured reports. Here we introduce MEDSTREM, a large-language-model (LLM)-based agent that converts patient-sourced document images into standardized longitudinal electronic health records, enabling bottom-up cohort building and linkage to trials and multi-omics. By applying MEDSTREM to clinical report im...

Brainstem neurons coordinate the bladder and urethral sphincter for urination

Urination, a vital and conserved process of emptying urine from the urinary bladder in mammals, requires precise coordination between the bladder and ...

SLIM-Diff: Shared Latent Image-Mask Diffusion with Lp loss for Data-Scarce Epilepsy FLAIR MRI

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) lesions in epilepsy FLAIR MRI are subtle and scarce, making joint image--mask generative modeling prone to instability ...

Feb 3 2026 2602.03372v1
A Reproducible Framework for Bias-Resistant Machine Learning on Small-Sample Neuroimaging Data

We introduce a reproducible, bias-resistant machine learning framework that integrates domain-informed feature engineering, nested cross-validation, a...

Feb 2 2026 2602.02920v1
Physics-Informed Neural Network for Mapping Vascular and Tissue Dynamics Using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging

Significance: Quantitatively mapping both cerebral blood flow and tissue dynamics from laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is powerful for studying ...

G3DCT: An Interpretable Spatial Grid-based Framework with Temporal Convolution-Transformer for EEG Artifact Identification

Electroencephalography (EEG) serves as a fundamental tool in modern neurology, cognitive neuroscience, and brain-computer interfaces, but its practica...

Geometry- and Relation-Aware Diffusion for EEG Super-Resolution

Recent electroencephalography (EEG) spatial super-resolution (SR) methods, while showing improved quality by either directly predicting missing signal...

Feb 2 2026 2602.02238v1
Organellomics: AI-driven deep organellar phenotyping reveals novel ALS mechanisms in human neurons

Systematic assessment of organelle architectures, termed the organellome, offers valuable insights into cellular states and pathomechanisms, but remai...

Hybrid Topological and Deep Feature Fusion for Accurate MRI-Based Alzheimer's Disease Severity Classification

Early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a critical challenge in neuroimaging-based clinical decision support systems. In this...

Feb 1 2026 2602.00956v1
Decomposing Heterogeneity in Disease Progression Speeds and Pathways

Understanding why patients with the same diagnosis exhibit markedly different disease progression--some progressing rapidly, others slowly, and throug...

SCOPE-PD: Explainable AI on Subjective and Clinical Objective Measurements of Parkinson's Disease for Precision Decision-Making

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and complex neurodegenerative disorder influenced by genetic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Predicting this d...

Jan 30 2026 2601.22516v1
Neural Signals Generate Clinical Notes in the Wild

Generating clinical reports that summarize abnormal patterns, diagnostic findings, and clinical interpretations from long-term EEG recordings remains ...

Jan 29 2026 2601.22197v1
Multi-omic deep learning identifies exercise-responsive ageing pathways in humans

Genome-wide association studies of physical activity traits have mapped numerous loci, yet the molecular mechanisms through which exercise influences ...

Machine learning-based image analysis of Parkinson's disease iPS-derived neurons predicts genotype and reveals mitochondria-lysosome abnormalities

Mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction are central features of Parkinson's disease (PD) across major genetic forms including PRKN, SNCA, and LRRK2. W...

miRNA-mRNA Interaction Network Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease for Biomarker Discovery

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by widespread dysregulation of gene expression and regulatory pathways....

Multimodal Visual Surrogate Compression for Alzheimer's Disease Classification

High-dimensional structural MRI (sMRI) images are widely used for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) diagnosis. Most existing methods for sMRI representation le...

Jan 29 2026 2601.21673v1
Feature Integration of FDG PET Brain Imaging Using Deep Learning for Sensitive Cognitive Decline Detection

Background Distinguishing individuals with cognitive decline (CD), including early Alzheimers disease, from cognitively normal (CN) individuals is ess...

Assembling the Mind's Mosaic: Towards EEG Semantic Intent Decoding

Enabling natural communication through brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) remains one of the most profound challenges in neuroscience and neurotechnolog...

Jan 28 2026 2601.20447v1
An explainable framework for the relationship between dementia and glucose metabolism patterns

High-dimensional neuroimaging data presents challenges for assessing neurodegenerative diseases due to complex non-linear relationships. Variational A...

Jan 28 2026 2601.20480v1
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