Neurology

Latest AI and machine learning research in neurology for healthcare professionals.

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Comparative evaluation of training strategies using partially labelled datasets for segmentation of white matter hyperintensities and stroke lesions in FLAIR MRI

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and ischaemic stroke lesions (ISL) are imaging features associated with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) that are visible on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The development and validation of deep learning models to segment and differentiate these features is difficult because they visually confound each other in the fluid-attenuated inversion re...

Jan 28 2026 2601.20503v1

Noninvasive and Objective Near Real-Time Detection of Pain Changes in Fluctuating Pain

Chronic pain involves natural intensity fluctuations that patients cannot control, contributing to learned helplessness and functional impairment. Detecting spontaneous pain decreases could enable precisely timed interventions that enhance perceived control. However, existing research on objective pain assessment has focused primarily on estimating static intensity from short, predictable stimuli ...

An Implantable Device that Converses with Patients and Learns to Co-Manage Epilepsy

One-third of the world's 70 million people with epilepsy have seizures that are not controlled by medication; and implantable devices are an exciting ...

Electrophysiological Correlates of Reinforcement Learning in the Human Ventral Tegmental Area

The ventral tegmental area is the primary source of dopaminergic input to the human prefrontal cortex and plays a central role in reinforcement learni...

Cortex-Grounded Diffusion Models for Brain Image Generation

Synthetic neuroimaging data can mitigate critical limitations of real-world datasets, including the scarcity of rare phenotypes, domain shifts across ...

Jan 27 2026 2601.19498v1
A Machine Learning Analysis of The Bead Maze Hand Function Test for Predicting Manual Dexterity in Children.

Comprehending how forces are applied to an object during manipulation can help provide important insights into the quality of behavior in daily tasks....

Early Dementia Diagnosis in Older Adults through Machine Learning: A Cross-Sectional fMRI Data Analysis

Background: Early diagnosis of dementia can significantly improve care planning and patient outcomes while delaying progression. Machine learning algo...

Temporal Dynamics of EEG Decoding for Continuously Changing Visual Stimuli

Multivariate analyses of M/EEG data are typically performed on neural responses time-locked to discrete stimulus onsets. Such designs usually reveal h...

Robust Computational Extraction of Non-Enhancing Hypercellular Tumor Regions from Clinical Imaging Data

Accurate identification of non-enhancing hypercellular (NEH) tumor regions is an unmet need in neuro-oncological imaging, with significant implication...

Jan 25 2026 2601.17802v1
RAICL: Retrieval-Augmented In-Context Learning for Vision-Language-Model Based EEG Seizure Detection

Electroencephalogram (EEG) decoding is a critical component of medical diagnostics, rehabilitation engineering, and brain-computer interfaces. However...

Jan 25 2026 2601.17844v1
A retrieval-augmented generation large language model framework for accurate dementia identification from electronic health records

Objective Accurate and scalable disease phenotyping from electronic health records (EHRs) is foundational for predictive modeling and precision medici...

Automated Intracranial Thrombus Segmentation from CT Images of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Dual-Channel nnU-Net Approach with Uncertainty Quantification

Background: Automated thrombus segmentation on CT imaging could enable routine extraction of clot volume and other biomarkers in large vessel occlusio...

Population-Scale Analysis of Frequency-Dependent Calcium Dynamics in Retinal Ganglion Cells Under Electric Field Stimulation

Electric field (EF) stimulation is an emerging neuromodulatory strategy for promoting the repair and functional recovery of degenerated neural network...

Machine Learning Driven 'Therapy Calculator' for Self-Managed Digital Speech-Language Therapy for Individuals with Post-stroke Aphasia

Individuals with post-stroke aphasia live with long-term disabilities, yet they do not know whether they will improve their communication and cognitiv...

ESMDisPred: A Structure-Aware CNN-Transformer Architecture for Intrinsically Disordered Protein Prediction

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) lack stable three-dimensional structures, yet play vital roles in key biological processes, including signali...

Machine learning and burden analyses highlight novel genes in Parkinson's Disease

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous risk loci for Parkinson's disease, yet identifying causal genes and mechani...

Biophysically realistic network-level transport model of tau progression with exosome-mediated release and uptake processes

The spatiotemporal progression of tau aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's follows the brain's structural connectome, yet a profo...

A Cautionary Tale of Self-Supervised Learning for Imaging Biomarkers: Alzheimer's Disease Case Study

Discovery of sensitive and biologically grounded biomarkers is essential for early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Structural MR...

Jan 23 2026 2601.16467v1
Conservative & Aggressive NaNs Accelerate U-Nets for Neuroimaging

Deep learning models for neuroimaging increasingly rely on large architectures, making efficiency a persistent concern despite advances in hardware. T...

Jan 23 2026 2601.17180v1
Experience with Single Domain Generalization in Real World Medical Imaging Deployments

A desirable property of any deployed artificial intelligence is generalization across domains, i.e. data generation distribution under a specific acqu...

Jan 22 2026 2601.16359v1
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