Neurology

Effect of Large Language Models on P300 Speller Performance with Cross-Subject Training

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neuromuscular degenerative disease, rapidly impairs communication within years of onset. This loss of communication necessitates assistive technologies to restore interaction and independence. One such technology, the P300 speller brain-computer interface (BCI), translates EEG signals into text by tracking a subject’s neural responses to highlight...

Tissue Reassembly with Generative AI

The spatial arrangement of cells is fundamental to their function, but single-cell RNA sequencing loses spatial context by dissociating cells from tissues. We present LUNA, a generative AI model that reassembles dissociated cells into tissue structures solely from gene expression by learning spatial priors from existing spatially resolved datasets. We apply and validate LUNA across multiple techno...

Transformer Networks Enable Robust Generalization of Source Localization for EEG Measurements

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is an electrical measurement of brain activity using electrodes placed on the scalp surface. After EEG measurements are ...

Pre-Training for Large-Scale Functional Connectome Fingerprinting Supports Generalization and Transfer Learning in Functional Neuroimaging

Functional MRI currently supports a limited application space stemming from modest dataset sizes, large interindividual variability and heterogeneity ...

Integrating Multi-Structure Covalent Docking with Machine Learning Consensus Scoring Enhances Virtual Screening of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is a key mechanism in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and in counteracting toxic exposures to pesti...

Neural Underpinnings of Olfactory Dysfunction across Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Spectra

Olfactory dysfunction is a frequent yet understudied feature of neurodegenerative spectrum disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson...

Iron Deficiency Impairs Mitochondrial Energetics and Early Axonal Growth and Branching in Developing Hippocampal Neurons

Each stage of neuronal development (i.e., proliferation, differentiation, migration, neurite outgrowth and synapse formation) requires functional and ...

Neural trajectories improve motor precision

Populations of neurons in motor cortex signal voluntary movement. Most classic neural encoding models and current brain-computer interface decoders as...

Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Models to Extract Mechanistic Insights from Biomedical Visuals: A Case Study on COVID-19 and Neurodegenerative Diseases

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified concerns about its long-term neurological impact, with growing evidence linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to neurodeg...

A validated set of neural gene reporter mice and chemical tracers tools for mapping knee innervating neurons

Joint pain is an increasing concern for our aging population, as current therapies to slow joint disease progression or reduce pain are largely ineffe...

REM sleep predicts reductions in pathophysiological daytime basal ganglia-cortical circuit activity in Parkinson’s disease

Sleep disturbances have been shown to be intimately and bidirectionally related to disease progression across a wide range of neurodegenerative disord...

Decision Voting Based Multiscale Convolutional Learning of Brain Networks With Explainability

The diagnosis of neurological disorders requires comprehensive frameworks that incorporate multimodal neuroimaging data while ensuring clinical interp...

High-resolution MRI Guided Whole Mouse Brain Cell Type Atlas using Deep Learning

Cell types represent groupings of cells defined by shared anatomical and functional properties. Traditional mouse brain cell atlases rely heavily on s...

Uncovering the dark transcriptome in polarized neuronal compartments with mcDETECT

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is a powerful tool for studying the molecular basis of brain diseases. However, most current analyses focus only on nucle...

Assessment of Visual Function in Mice Using Light/Dark Box and Multi-Feature Machine Learning

The light/dark box test can be used to assess visual function in rodents based on their spontaneous behavior in response to light. Commonly used assay...

Mapping high resolution, multidimensional phase diagrams of physiological protein condensates

Biomolecular condensates are membraneless compartments, crucial for organising and regulating diverse cellular processes. Current approaches to study ...

Automated Seizure Detection in Animal EEG Signals

Automated seizure detection in animal electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for accelerating epilepsy research. While machine learning (ML) and deep...

Data-driven identification of functional networks in artificial and biological neural networks

Understanding how the brain represents information is a central challenge in neuroscience and a practical bottleneck for brain-computer interfaces. Ex...

Cognitive and brain function enhancement in Gen X group after personalized, AI supervised EEG-neurofeedback training

Interventions supporting medical care and enhancing quality of life in neurodegenerative or age-related cognitive decline are strongly needed. Electro...

Bridging Language Markers and Pathology: Correlations Between Digital Speech Measures and Surrogate CSF Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease

Digital language markers show promise in detecting early cognitive impairment related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet their relationship with cerebro...