Neurology

PyramidPat explainable feature engineering for multiclass electroencephalography psychiatric disorders: Explainable feature engineering and classification.

Deep learning has dominated modern machine learning, and feature engineering has often been neglected. Many studies still focus mainly on accuracy. Therefore, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods remain limited. In this research, a new explainable feature engineering (XFE) architecture, named PyramidPat XFE, is introduced. The core component is PyramidPat, a transformation-based featu...

Evaluating the effects of regularization and cross-validation parameters on the performance of SVM-based decoding of EEG data.

Regularization has been extensively used in multivariate pattern classification (MVPA; decoding) of EEG data to mitigate the risk of overfitting. N-fold cross-validation is also used to mitigate this risk, and it is often combined with averaging across trials to improve the SNR. However, the impact of different regularization and cross-validation parameters on decoding performance remains unclear....

Investigating the comparability of wearable accelerometer methods in the association between physical activity and cardiovascular disease: a cohort study using UK Biobank.

OBJECTIVE: The selection of accelerometer processing methods may influence the shape of the dose-response association between wearable-measured physic...

Smartphone-Based Pupillometry for Noninvasive Detection of Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Nepali Acute Brain Injury Patients: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial hypertension is a life-threatening complication of acute brain injuries such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid he...

Empowering classification for multivariate functional data with simultaneous feature selection.

The opportunity to utilize multivariate functional data types for conducting classification tasks is emerging with the growing availability of imaging...

T2-FLAIR digital subtraction radiomics versus neuroradiologist visual assessment for differentiating IDH-mutant astrocytomas from other non-enhancing low-grade gliomas: An externally validated machine learning study.

PURPOSE: Non-invasive differentiation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant, 1p/19q non-codeleted astrocytomas from other non-enhancing low-grade g...

Signal-Based Assessment of Postural Stability Using ECG, EMG, and Center of Pressure Measures.

Postural stability reflects the integrated function of autonomic, neuromuscular, and postural control systems and deteriorates with aging and reduced ...

Network clustering algorithms and preprocessing pipelines for robust cell type identification in single-cell RNA sequencing data.

Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technologies provide unprecedented resolution representing transcriptomics at the level of single cell. One of the big...

Metabolomics at the Crossroads of Forensic Toxicology and Precision Diagnostics: Analytical Innovations and Translational Opportunities.

Metabolomics is the comprehensive analysis of small-molecule metabolites in living systems and is increasingly being applied in forensic science and h...

Digital Twins as the Implementation Layer of Precision Medicine in Pediatric Neurosurgery.

Pediatric neurosurgery increasingly utilizes precision medicine, but practitioners encounter challenges in translating complex data into individualize...

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant and Brain Volume Changes in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk of decline in brain health and cognition, even without clinical stroke. S...

A Comparative Readability Analysis of Artificial Intelligence-Generated and Evidence-based Medical Content on the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder requiring effective patient education. With the increasing use of artificial ...

Global Trends and Research Hotspots in Soccer Injury Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis (1904-2025).

IMPORTANCE: Soccer is associated with a substantial global injury burden, particularly involving lower-extremity and head injuries. Despite extensive ...

Plasma extracellular vesicle proteins biomarker for cerebral small vessel disease related cognitive impairment.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a major contributor to vascular dementia. Given the absence of effective treatments, the developme...

Remote smartphone-based spoken language screening predicts clinical markers in Huntington's disease.

Assessment and monitoring of Huntington's disease (HD) symptoms remain limited to infrequent, clinic-based evaluations. We evaluated whether fully aut...

Mobility Function and Aperiodic Electrocortical Activity in Younger and Older Adults.

Mobility declines with age to the extent that walking speed is often considered a vital sign. Identifying electrocortical changes behind this decline ...

Potential and challenges of generative adversarial networks for super-resolution in 4D flow MRI.

Time-resolved three-dimensional phase-contrast MRI (4D Flow MRI) enables non-invasive quantification of blood flow and derivation of hemodynamic param...

Machine learning models for outcome prediction of patients with ischaemic stroke undergoing reperfusion therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Reperfusion therapy, including thrombolysis and thrombectomy, is crucial for ischaemic stroke treatment. However, patient outcomes often r...

Generation of spinal cord organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells caudalised to a lumbar fate.

Organoids offer a powerful platform to model human development and disease in vitro, while preserving key features of in vivo tissue architecture and ...

Machine learning-based analysis of the relationship between brain lesion sites and swallowing and cognitive functions in stroke patients.

Stroke-related dysphagia is influenced by brain damage location and cognitive impairment, but its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed t...