Obstetrics & Gynecology

Adversarial Validation Reveals Diagnostic Workflow Leakage in PCOS Machine Learning Models

Background: Machine-learning models for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and other conditions frequently report near-perfect diagnostic performance, but retrospective datasets assembled from routine clinical practice can encode diagnostic-group membership in how data were acquired rather than in disease biology, and this acquisition-related information can be indistinguishable from genuine clinica...

Cross-country generalizability of foundation models for cervical cancer screenings on H&E whole slide images

Accurate grading of cervical biopsies on Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained whole slide images (WSIs) is essential for distinguishing high grade lesions from low grade changes, yet this process is subject to considerable inter-observer variability. In this study, we evaluate a foundation model-based multiple instance learning (MIL) pipeline for binary high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (H...

MVEI & EmObserver: Empowering MLLM-Oriented Visual Emotional Intelligence via Emotion Statement Judgement

Affective Image Content Analysis (AICA) aims to recognize and understand emotions elicited by visual content, representing an indispensable step towar...

Development and external validation of deep learning models for spontaneous preterm birth prediction from mid-trimester cervical ultrasound

Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal death. Despite sustained efforts to identify high-risk women in the mid-trimester, accurate prediction ...

Site-dependent transcriptomic signatures of endometriosis are conserved across hormonal states

Endometriosis, a chronic condition in which endometrial tissue grows at other sites in the body, produces lesions whose gene expression profiles vary ...

Analytical perturbation reveals hidden instability of biological phenotypes

Background Unsupervised machine learning has become a cornerstone of computational phenotyping across clinical medicine, genomics, imaging, and multi-...

OvAi Focus: AI-based Multi-class Segmentation of Functional Ovaries and Adnexal Masses in Gynecological Ultrasound

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy; accurate and objective segmentation of adnexal masses and functional ovaries in ultrasound (...

AnomExpert: Identifying and Selecting Anatomical Planes for Prenatal Ultrasound Anomaly Diagnosis

Life-limiting congenital anomalies require accurate prenatal diagnosis for appropriate clinical decision-making. Prenatal ultrasound (US) examinations...

C-Norm: Cell-Distribution Normalization Enables Precision Recognition of Medical-Cell Image

ThinPrep Cytologic Test (TCT) enables early cervical cancer screening, but manual reading is time-consuming and yields inconsistent diagnostic results...

VideoCap: Enabling REDCap as a Tool for Crowdsourced Multimedia-Labeling Research

Objective: Machine learning systems that use video data require large, diverse, human-labeled datasets, but generating reliable annotations remains la...

A placental transcriptional signature for autism

Autism development involves multiple genetic and early-life environmental factors. Studying the placenta's gene expression profile may reveal key mech...

False Confidence: Automated Labels Confound Fairness Audits in Cervical Spine Segmentation

Automated segmentation of cervical-spine MRI is increasingly used in clinical workflows, yet no fairness audit exists for this anatomy. We show that a...

The molecular triggers of human labour: a longitudinal plasma proteomics study

Spontaneous labour onset is a precisely timed physiological transition that determines outcomes for millions of pregnancies annually, yet its upstream...

Metabolomic signatures support the diagnostics of peritoneal endometriosis using generalised linear models.

Endometriosis, a common inflammatory gynecological disorder affecting up to 10% of women worldwide, is characterized by the presence of endometrium-li...

Reinforcement Learning for Chronic Care Pathway Optimization: A Unified Framework across Three Clinical Goal Types

Objective: Chronic care requires sequential treatment under competing biomarker, safety, and cost constraints, yet clinical goal structures differ acr...

Integrative analysis of cfDNA features from ultra-low coverage whole genome sequencing enables robust detection of ovarian cancer

Background: Despite advances in circulating tumor DNA analysis, reliable detection of oncological disease from ultra-low coverage whole genome sequenc...

A rubric-based controlled comparison of frontier language models on expert-authored clinical reasoning tasks

Multiple-choice medical benchmarks are increasingly saturated, and recent rubric-based evaluations such as HealthBench have shown that open-ended clin...

Decoding the regulatory genetic architecture of endometriosis using AlphaGenome

Background Endometriosis is a complex, estrogen-dependent disease with a strong genetic component. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) hav...

Retention, not flux: endpoint confounding caps computational prediction of peptide skin penetration, with a delivery-aware reframing

Bioactive peptides are now central to cosmetic and dermatological actives, yet predicting whether a given sequence will reach its site of action in sk...

Two-Stage Cross-Domain Cervical Abnormality Screening with Cytopathological Image Synthesis and Knowledge Distillation

Cross-domain diagnosis remains a major challenge in cervical cell pathology due to pronounced domain shifts across institutions and the subtle visual ...