Oncology/Hematology

Two-stage deep learning framework for magnetic resonance imaging-based detection of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVES: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the reference standard for detecting osseous changes in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) but involves ionizing radiation. MRI avoids radiation exposure and enables simultaneous soft and hard tissue evaluation; however, its sensitivity for osseous abnormalities remains limited. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a proof-of-con...

Large Language Models for Oncology Guideline Maintenance: Prospective Case Study.

BACKGROUND: Maintenance of oncology clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is increasingly challenged by the rapid growth of trial data and therapeutic complexity. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in information retrieval, their utility in the rigorous, end-to-end workflow of guideline maintenance remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE: This case study aimed to systematically evaluate ...

Breast tumor detection in ultrasound images using adaptive hierarchical pruning of non-tumor regions.

BACKGROUND: The development of deep learning techniques has greatly improved tumor detection and analysis in breast ultrasound images. Despite their i...

Machine learning of sunitinib resistance genes reveals that SP5 regulates angiogenesis and sunitinib resistance in RCC via the VEGFA/AKT axis.

BACKGROUND: Sunitinib resistance remains a major clinical challenge in renal cell carcinoma, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely ...

Deep mapping of structural perturbations to energetics enables precise TCR design.

Affinity optimization and cross-reactivity profiling are pivotal for T cell receptor (TCR) engineering but remain hindered by repertoire diversity and...

Causal Machine Learning Analysis of Empirical Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) for Mandible Osteoradionecrosis in Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is one of the most severe adverse events (AEs) for head and neck (H&N) cancer radiothera...

Targeted protein degradation: mechanistic diversity, therapeutic expansion, and clinical translation.

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has transitioned from a paradigm-shifting concept to a clinically validated strategy, with multiple degraders achie...

Ethics of artificial intelligence prognostication in palliative care: perspectives from a national survey of palliative care physicians.

OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools have the potential to transform access to and delivery of palliative care globally-an urgent unmet need...

Intelligent Organ Recognition Technology Combined With an Artificial Intelligence Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm in Contrast-enhanced CT of the Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the application value of intelligent organ recognition technology combined with the artificial intelligence iter...

Advanced gene editing technologies for oncology mechanisms, applications, and clinical implementation.

Advanced gene editing tools have transformed oncology by facilitating precise molecular therapies aimed at the hereditary basis of cancer. This thorou...

Interpretable Machine Learning Using Multimodal Ultrasound and MRI Features for Predicting Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer: A Dual-Center Retrospective Study.

The objective of the study is to develop and externally evaluate interpretable machine learning models integrating routinely reported ultrasound and M...

The role of artificial intelligence in predicting immunotherapy treatment outcomes based on gut microbiota composition in cancer patients: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment, but response varies across patients. Gut microbiota may influence i...

[Paeoniflorin alleviates cancer-related fatigue during chemotherapy for breast cancer by targeting EZH2/CCNE1 to regulate cell cycle and inflammatory microenvironment].

OBJECTIVES: To explore the molecular mechanisms and key pharmacodynamic basis of Baishao for alleviating cancer-related fatigue (CRF) during chemother...

[A semi-supervised MRI image segmentation dual-network model for regions with ambiguous boundaries and heterogeneous regions].

OBJECTIVES: To construct a high-value region-guided dual-network semi-supervised segmentation method (HVASS) under extremely low labeling rates for ad...

[Reflections on surgical management strategies for locally advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant immunotherapy].

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is reshaping the treatment landscape of locally advanced gastric cancer (GC). The central clinical challenge has expanded fr...

Biallelic loss of RB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma as synthetic lethal target for artificial intelligence-guided therapy.

The retinoblastoma (RB1) gene is a critical tumor suppressor that regulates cell cycle progression and genomic stability. Although RB1 alterations hav...

Integrative transcriptomic and experimental analyses prioritize TPT1 as a PANoptosis-associated candidate molecular marker in sarcopenia.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia lacks sensitive molecular markers for early detection, and its relationship with integrated inflammatory cell-death programs re...

NRF2-mediated ferroptosis suppression defines a cancer-specific vulnerability in tumors.

NRF2 is a master regulator of redox and metabolic homeostasis that protects normal tissues from stress but is frequently hijacked by cancers to sustai...

Artificial intelligence-driven prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in adult patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: A substantial proportion of adults with locally advanced gastric cancer derive limited benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), with a...

Radiomics using generative adversarial network enhanced non-contrast computed tomography for gastric cancer diagnosis.

Objective.Non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT) images have limited tissue resolution for gastric cancer diagnosis, while contrast-enhanced...