Oncology/Hematology

Machine Learning Predicts Adequacy of Rapid On-site Evaluation in Fine Needle Aspirations in Lung Cancer Cytology.

Lung cancer is projected to become the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both smoking and nonsmoking populations. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of fine needle aspiration specimens is essential for timely diagnosis and procedural decision-making during lung cancer assessment. A machine learning pipeline was developed for cell-based adequacy assessment and lesion detection that integrat...

Classification of histological types in ovarian cancer using deep learning.

BACKGROUND: Histological typing of carcinomas is crucial considering the varying progression, prognosis, and treatment efficacy. Clear cell and mucinous carcinomas show good early-stage prognosis but poor advanced-stage outcomes due to chemotherapy resistance. Here, we aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to classify histological types of ovarian cancer. METHODS: A deep learning ...

A programmable matrix-robust plasmonic MetaRing biosensor for rapid SERS-based chemotherapeutic response profiling.

Rapid assessment of chemotherapeutic response is essential for precision oncology but remains hindered by tumor heterogeneity and complex biological m...

Atypical Ductular Reactions Are a Distinct Regenerative Phenomenon in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Patients after Transarterial Chemoembolization.

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is increasingly used in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent primary liver tumor. At...

Development and validation of a CT-based deep learning radiomics model for differentiating parathyroid adenoma from atypical parathyroid tumor/parathyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Accurate preoperative differentiation between parathyroid adenoma (PA) and atypical parathyroid tumor (APT) or parathyroid carcinoma (PC) ...

Estimating major pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer patients with post-neoadjuvant therapy using MMT-net.

Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has demonstrated considerable effectiveness in treating locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Major pathologi...

AI-based triage and decision support in mammography and digital tomosynthesis for breast cancer screening: a paired, noninferiority trial.

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been demonstrated to improve the accuracy of screening mammograms. Here this prospective, paired, noninferio...

Artificial intelligence in inflammatory bowel disease: bridging innovation, implementation and impact.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the management landscape of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While early applications in endosco...

Multimodal models for skin cancer classification using clinical freetext and dermatoscopic images.

BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers globally, with early detection critical to ensure reduced mortality risk. To aid early de...

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine profiles in circulating cell-free DNA serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and classification of adenomyosis.

BACKGROUND: Adenomyosis diagnosis and classification relies primarily on magnetic resonance imaging or pathological examination. Liquid biopsy has bee...

Interpretable CRAM‑Enhanced Lightweight Dual‑Branch CNN for Real‑Time Breast Cancer Histopathology in Internet‑of‑Medical‑Things Environments.

Breast cancer remains a primary global health concern, with histopathological image analysis serving as the diagnostic gold standard. However, manual ...

Artificial intelligence modelling in grading breast phyllodes tumours.

BACKGROUND: Breast phyllodes tumours (PT) are rare biphasic neoplasms consisting of epithelial and stromal components. They are classified into benign...

Second-line chemotherapy after gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in metastatic pancreatic cancer: comparative outcomes and AI-guided treatment selection.

BACKGROUND: International guidelines recommend 5FU/LV, Nal-IRI + 5FU/LV, FOLFIRI, FOLFOX, or (m)FOLFIRINOX as second-line (2 L) chemotherapy for patie...

177Lu-PSMA dosimetry made easy: from theory to practical implementation.

177Lu-PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (TRT) represents a major advance in managing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), exploiti...

Exploration of network-based, machine learning, MD simulations, and MM/GBSA approaches revealed luteolin from Gynura procumbens as key inhibitor of MMP9 in NSCLC.

The primary leading reason for cancer death is non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still up to date globally. Even with today's advanced technology, it...

Antibody-drug conjugate design and mechanisms of action for cancer treatment: state of the art and beyond.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a leading area of targeted cancer therapeutics, typically combining a tumour-associated antigen-specific antibody ...

Hypoxia-related and immune phenotype-related fusion model for non-invasive prognostication of hepatocellular carcinoma treated by TACE: a multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: Survival outcomes after transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) vary in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and existing prognostic sc...

Detecting Distant Metastases in Prostate Cancer Using Whole-body MR Imaging Together with DWIBS (Diffusion-weighted Imaging with Background Body Signal Suppression).

Whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) has evolved over the past 2 decades as a noninvasive imaging technique for detecting distant metastases in prostate cancer. Si...

The ATF5-GPER1 axis drives female protection in hepatocellular carcinoma through dual tumor-suppressive and immune-modulatory mechanisms.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits marked sexual dimorphism, with females demonstrating superior survival, yet the underlying molecular mechanism...

Explainable artificial intelligence for personalized prognosis in pancreatic cancer: A nationwide study from Taiwan.

Pancreatic cancer is highly aggressive with poor outcomes; current artificial intelligence (AI) prognostic models often lack interpretability and unde...