Oncology/Hematology

Radiological staging clinical decision support model for rectal cancer lymph node metastasis detection on MRI.

BACKGROUND: Accurate staging of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is crucial for personalising rectal cancer treatment. Lymph nodes (LNs) are the most common sites of rectal cancer metastasis, and malignant LNs are typically treated with neo-adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to reduce the chance of recurrence and distant metastasis after surgery. Radiological staging criteria, based on LN...

Influencing factors and mediating effects of advanced medical care plan readiness in young and middle-aged patients with advanced cancer based on machine learning.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors influencing advance care planning (ACP) readiness and its correlation with disease benefit perception and social support perception among young and middle-aged patients with advanced cancer, as well as to analyze the mediating effect of disease benefit perception on the relationship between social support and ACP readiness. METHODS: A total of 432 young and middle...

Early detection of gastric cancer with the assistance of cell-free DNA fragmentomics.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies globally. As early-stage gastric cancer is typically asymptomatic or present...

Survival prediction of colorectal cancer using 101 machine learning methods based on immune-related genes: A machine learning study.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Early identification of high-risk CRC patients and timely intervention...

Biomarker-Guided Strategies for Tumor Vasculature: From Imaging Advances to Novel Therapeutic Interventions.

The tumor vasculature is a dynamic and heterogeneous component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that influences tumor progression, immune infiltrat...

Longitudinal Plasma Proteomics Reveals an Immuno-thrombotic Signature that Predicts Radiation Pneumonitis in Lung Cancer.

PURPOSE: Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is a dose-limiting toxicity in lung cancer radiotherapy, often poorly predicted by static clinical and dosimetric ...

Advances in laboratory diagnostic studies of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL), collectively referred to as pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs), are rare neuroendocrine tumo...

Developments in the design and therapeutic applications of GSK3β inhibitors.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) has emerged as one of the most thoroughly validated therapeutic targets in modern drug discovery, with dysregulati...

Global incidence patterns of early-onset gastrointestinal cancers and their ecological associations with behavioural risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Early-onset gastrointestinal cancers (EOGIC) are increasingly recognised as an urgent global health concern. We aimed to describe the glob...

Development and Internal Evaluation of EAST-BMS (East Asian Survival Tool for Bone Metastasis Surgery): A Multinational Machine-learning Survival Prediction Model for Patients Undergoing Surgery for Nonspinal Bone Metastasis in East Asia.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing surgery for bone metastases typically have advanced disease, and postoperative survival varies substantially. Accurate...

Comparative evaluation of conventional radiomics and VGG-SAM fusion strategies for MRI-based preoperative prediction of perineural invasion in cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Perineural invasion (PNI) is an adverse feature in cervical cancer and may influence nerve-sparing surgery. We compared conventional radiom...

Microbiome in Gastrointestinal Tumors: Implications in Oncogenesis and Therapeutic Response : Microbiome in Gastrointestinal Tumors.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an updated overview of the role of the human microbiome in the initiation, progression, and therapeutic response of gast...

A pre-trained foundation model framework for multiplanar MRI classification of extramural vascular invasion and mesorectal fascia invasion in rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Accurate MRI-based identification of extramural vascular invasion (EVI) and mesorectal fascia invasion (MFI) is crucial for risk-stratifie...

A rapid total-body PET imaging approach for pediatric patients using non-attenuation-corrected PET scans.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric lymphoma patients undergo multiple 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations for staging and response assessment, raising concerns about cumul...

Identification of replication factor C subunit 4 as a potential therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on bioinformatic analysis and machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the highly lethal and aggressive malignant tumors worldwide. To effectively prevent an...

Integrated computational and experimental analysis explores FOLH1 expression patterns across cancers and nominates melatonin as a potential modulator in prostate cancer models.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that Folate Hydrolase 1 (FOLH1, also known as prostate-specific membrane antigen, PSMA) is aberrantly expressed...

Non-invasive predictive model for incidental gallbladder carcinoma based on multimodal features: Integrating clinical data, MRI radiomics, and deep transfer learning features.

Gallbladder carcinoma, among the most prevalent malignancies of the biliary system, often presents with insidious early symptoms. Delayed diagnosis of...

Preoperative Risk Assessment of Adrenal Metastases in a Multicenter Study: Development of a Robust Federated Learning Model.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: In clinical practice, the preoperative risk assessment of adrenal metastases versus benign adrenal lesions carries a substan...

Neural network modelling of proton RBE values at predominant survival fractions of in vitro data.

While a constant relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 is applied in clinical proton therapy, longstanding clinical concern and in vitro evid...

When the Algorithm Speaks: A Case for Simulation-Based Training in Communicating Artificial Intelligence-Generated Prognostic Outputs in Oncology.

Artificial intelligence prognostic tools are now embedded in routine oncology workflows, generating recurrence risk scores and survival estimates that...