Oncology/Hematology

Latest AI and machine learning research in oncology/hematology for healthcare professionals.

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Showing 12941-12960 of 19,032 articles

Simulation-based Bayesian deep learning enables uncertainty-aware tumor fraction estimation in cell-free DNA

Background: Estimating tumor fraction from whole-genome cell-free DNA sequencing is critical for liquid biopsy, but is hampered by weak signals and baseline noise at low tumor fractions. Existing computational methods often require matched controls or large labeled datasets for training and lack uncertainty quantification. To address these gaps, we developed purNPE, a Bayesian deep-learning framew...

MOSAIC: Methylation-Oriented Site Analysis and Information Classifier for Robust Epigenomic Classification of Acute Leukemia in Clinical Cohorts with Variable Tumor Purity

DNA methylation-based classification offers a rapid diagnostic complement to conventional molecular workflows in acute leukemia. Existing classifiers are trained on array-derived reference cohorts whose construction favors specimens with adequate tumor content, leaving clinically relevant low-purity specimens underrepresented and classifier robustness in this regime uncharacterized. On held-out lo...

Contour-Constrained Deformable Registration with Parameter Characterization for Head and Neck Surgical Guidance

With 890,000 annual new cases globally, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has one of the highest recurrence rates among solid malignancies. Althou...

Jun 18 2026 2606.19767v1
Prompt, Plan, Extract: Zero-Shot Agentic LLMs Workflows for Lung Pathology Extraction from Clinical Narratives

Information extraction from pathology reports is essential for cancer staging, tumor registry population. Yet key data remains embedded in narrative r...

Jun 18 2026 2606.19852v1
HEad and neCK TumOR (HECKTOR) 2025: Benchmark of Segmentation, Diagnosis, and Prognosis in Multimodal PET/CT

Head and neck cancers (HNC) represent a significant global health burden, with accurate tumor delineation being essential for effective radiotherapy p...

Jun 18 2026 2606.20143v1
Computational Methods and Challenges in Cell-Free DNA Analysis for Multi-Cancer Early Detection

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising avenue for non-invasive multicancer early detection (MCED), in that, it can enable multiple cancer detection simu...

Jun 18 2026 2606.20174v1
Geometry-Aware Superpixel Graph Transformer with Metadata for Skin Lesion Classification

Automated skin cancer classification from dermoscopic images remains challenging due to heterogeneous lesion structure, strong intra-class variability...

Jun 18 2026 2606.20390v1
What Urine Measures Is Not What Tissue Encodes: Compartment-Specific miRNA Coordination in Prostate Cancer

Abstract Background Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis remains challenged by the limited specificity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, which ca...

LLM-Driven Extraction of NI-RADS and Imaging Tumor Characteristics to Enhance Oropharyngeal Cancer Survivorship Surveillance

Abstract Purpose Radiologic surveillance is essential for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) survivors, guiding recurrence detection and follow-up strategies....

BrainFusionNet: a deep learning and XAI model to understand local, global, and sequential features of MRI images for improved brain tumour detection

The noise of Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI poses challenges for Deep Learning DL when tumor boundaries are obscured tumor location and appearance are...

Jun 17 2026 2606.18675v1
A Bayesian Boolean Matrix Factorization with Application to Copy Number Analysis in Cancer

Binary data factorization is common, but real-valued methods ignore discreteness and yield hard-to-interpret factors. Boolean Matrix Factorization (Bo...

Jun 16 2026 2606.17491v2
AI-assisted continuous-time modelling of metastatic breast cancer reveals subtype-specific spatiotemporal organ interactions

Metastatic breast cancer is one of the leading causes of premature mortality among women worldwide. A major barrier to optimal care is the marked hete...

A MULTICENTER SWEDISH HISTOPATHOLOGY IMAGE DATASET OF PEDIATRIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS

Refined detection methods, more detailed tumor characterization, and adequate distinction between different pediatric tumor subtypes are necessary to ...

Dissecting and directing pathology foundation models

Foundation models (FMs) are central to digital pathology, encoding histology images into dense embeddings for facilitating diagnostic classification, ...

A Transformer-derived transcriptomic score associates with ex-vivo drug response in AML

Background Drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cell states have been implicated in relapse across multiple cancers, including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) ...

Super Learner Ensemble Modeling of CPTAC Proteomic Data for Survival Prediction in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Survival analysis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is traditionally performed using Cox proportional hazards models, alongside some ex...

A Bayesian Boolean Matrix Factorization with Application to Copy Number Analysis in Cancer

Binary data factorization is common, but real-valued methods ignore discreteness and yield hard-to-interpret factors. Boolean Matrix Factorization (Bo...

Jun 16 2026 2606.17491v1
Predicting Immune Biomarkers with MultiModal Mixture-of-Expert Pathology Foundation Models Empowers Precision Oncology

Predicting immune biomarkers associated with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is critical for advancing precision oncology, yet existing appro...

Jun 16 2026 2606.18123v1
Entity-Aware Generation of Synthetic Clinical Progress Notes for Prostate Cancer using Large Language Model

Objectives: This study investigates large language models (LLMs) for clinical entity projection across substantial textual transformation. Specificall...

Inferring Cell Fate Trajectories in Time-Resolved Metabolic RNA Labeling data

Single-cell RNA sequencing provides high-resolution snapshots of cellular states but lacks direct information about transcriptional dynamics. Metaboli...

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