Oncology/Hematology

Pediatric lung ground glass nodules: a real-world, large-scale CT cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: Increasing detection of pediatric ground-glass nodules (GGNs) presents a clinical dilemma lacking robust evidence and guidelines. We aimed to evaluate the short-term natural course of incidental pediatric GGNs through real-world observation. METHODS: This retrospective, single-center, real-world study screened children (0-18 years) undergoing low-dose chest CT between January 1, 2010, ...

ZDHHC5: a pivotal palmitoyltransferase orchestrating signaling networks - unraveling mechanisms and therapeutic horizons.

ZDHHC5, a key member of the DHHC family of palmitoyltransferases, catalyzes S-acylation-a reversible post-translational modification involving the covalent attachment of fatty acids, typically palmitate, to specific cysteine residues on target proteins. This lipid modification plays a critical regulatory role in protein trafficking, membrane association, stability, and the assembly of signaling co...

Integrating single-cell multi-omics and machine learning to reveal triaptosis heterogeneity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Triaptosis, an emerging form of cell death, remains poorly characterized in terms of its heterogeneity within clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)....

Machine learning enhanced optical spectroscopy for breast cancer diagnosis: A review.

This literature review examines the transformative role of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in enhancing optical spectroscopy for breast c...

Next-generation gene editing strategies in cancer: Integrating CRISPR, PROTACs, and advanced molecular technologies.

Cancer is a significant therapeutic problem as tumors are heterogeneous, multidrug-resistant, and oncogenic drivers are undruggable. Genome editing an...

The value of the serum cytokine-to-immune ratio model in predicting the progression-free survival after interventional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a prognostic nomogram for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC...

Modulation of tumor-derived exosomes and reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts for colorectal cancer therapy.

Hypoxia is pervasive within the solid tumor microenvironment (TME), reshaping it through exosome release. As the main component of the tumor stroma, f...

Artificial intelligence in ovarian pathophysiology and management: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into reproductive medicine and gynecologic oncology has driven transformative advances in ...

Expanding the Therapeutic Window in Oncology: Modern Strategies and Future Directions.

Background:The enhancement of the therapeutic window (TW) in oncology remains a significant challenge, as the majority of anticancer treatments face d...

The negative sigmoid loss for controlling false positive rate in osteolytic lesion segmentation.

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignancy that is commonly associated with the development of osteolytic lesions. To support MM diagnosis, low-dose Comput...

Deciphering spatial-temporal mechanisms of PD-1 blockade resistance via biologically informed machine learning.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, have transformed cancer therapy; yet objective response rates to anti-PD-(L)1 mon...

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling of POU5F1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Dynamics, spatial niche, and prognosis via multi-algorithm ML.

BACKGROUND: POU5F1 (OCT4), a core regulator of pluripotency, plays an important role in tumor stemness and immune microenvironment remodeling, yet its...

Automatic Extraction of PET RANO Criteria with an Externally Validated Deep Learning Model: Application to [18F]FDOPA PET Imaging.

BACKGROUND: Automatic segmentation of gliomas on amino acid PET is essential for quantitative tumor assessment, a pillar in monitoring gliomas under t...

Risk Stratification for Breast Cancer Screening: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review.

Early detection of breast cancer reduces mortality and is influenced by screening strategies. The balance of benefits and harms within any screening p...

Deep Learning for Synthetic Postcontrast T1-Weighted MRI: A Systematic Review With Targeted Meta-Analysis of Brain Tumor Studies.

Background. Gadolinium-based contrast agents remain essential for MRI but carry risks. Deep learning (DL) methods have emerged as a potential approach...

Deep learning-based dose prediction in proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of network architectures and loss functions.

In proton beam therapy (PBT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), deep learning (DL)-based dose prediction offers clinical value by providing immediate...

Artificial intelligence in retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma: a narrative review.

INTRODUCTION: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping diagnostic paradigms across oncology. In ophthalmic oncology encompassing conditions like reti...

Automated Delineation of Couinaud Segments on CT for Future Liver Remnant Volumetry.

Purpose To develop a deep learning model that automatically delineates the eight liver Couinaud segments and the spleen on CT for future liver remnant...

Histology-defined activated cancer-associated fibroblasts are associated with poor survival in diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma.

Activated cancer-associated fibroblasts (aCAFs), characterized by distinct histological features including fibroblast proliferation and extensive desm...

Alignment between AI clinical decision tools and multidisciplinary tumor board decisions in prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the concordance between treatment recommendations generated by LLMs and decisions made by a multidisciplinary ur...