Ophthalmology

Hypertuned boosting approach with Local Binary Pattern and Pivot Distribution Count method feature extractor for glaucoma identification.

Glaucoma, the second largest cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, causes significant damage to the optic nerve. Early diagnosis of glaucoma is crucial since without it, there will be continuous deterioration of vision. Manual detection of glaucoma based on fundus images is a tedious and potentially inaccurate process, making it important to develop computer-aided glaucoma detection systems. ...

Privacy-aware diabetic retinopathy grading and visual lesion-focused interpretability through mixture-of-experts federated deep learning with explainable AI.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is still a major cause of vision loss that can be avoided. This means that we need automated screening systems that can work across institutions without putting sensitive medical data in one place. Although Federated Learning (FL) allows for cooperative model training while preserving data locality, Non-IID data distribution, communication overhead, and unstable convergen...

Interpretability of multimodal neural networks for prediction of visual acuity in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion.

Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) can cause persistent visual impairment, and predicting long-term best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after anti-v...

Clinically accessible eye-tracking in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: exploratory classification modeling and gaze allocation to disease-related periocular images.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune orbital disease that may cause ocular motility abnormalities, altered periocular ...

Applicability of ChatGPT to generate multiple-choice questions for ophthalmology resident exam.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Developing high-quality multiple-choice questions (MCQs) for medical education is a challenging and time-consuming task. This study a...

Archetypal analysis quantifies changes in patterns of visual field loss in eyes with acute non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.

AIMS: We characterised visual field (VF) spatial loss patterns in acute non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) using archetypal ana...

[More than just technology: autonomous AI in ophthalmological care].

Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) systems are finding their way into ophthalmological care, particularly in imaging diagnostics (fundus photogra...

Ecological Vision Hypothesis: Training Deep Neural Networks for Robustness and Human Alignment.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) offer highly promising neurocomputational models of the visual system, yet vast gaps remain between DNNs and human observe...

Retinal circuits in silico: A review of modern retina models and a vision for their future.

Over the last two decades, models of visual processing in the retina have increased in scale and predictive power, driven by advances in recording tec...

Comprehensive behavioral and demographic correlates in myopia risk among Tibetan adolescents: a machine learning analysis using non‑cycloplegic refraction.

Myopia is a global public health concern, especially among children and adolescents. This exploratory study aimed to develop a myopia risk prediction ...

Evaluating Synthetic Anterior Segment Images for Transferable Eye Disease Recognition.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether prompt-driven synthetic anterior segment disease (ASD) images preserve disease-relevant semantics for transferable ASD ...

Enhancing stock market price prediction through FinGPT-driven sentiment analysis, technical indicators, historical price data, and attention-based hybrid deep learning models.

Accurate stock price forecasting is increasingly dependent on models that can integrate heterogeneous market signals beyond traditional quantitative i...

Indocyanine green angiography and machine learning analysis determine topographic distribution of peripheral hard drusen in a Chinese cohort.

BACKGROUND: Hard drusen appear as hyperfluorescent dots on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) due to their high phospholipid content. This study aim...

Prediction of physicochemical properties of organic compounds using degree-based topological indices and machine learning models.

This study presents a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) framework that integrates graph theory with machine learning to predict key ...

Contribution of resting pulse rate to fall risk prediction in patients with glaucoma: a nationwide retrospective study based on an XGBoost model.

BACKGROUND: Falls are among the most common safety concerns in people with visual impairment and can lead to serious consequences, including fractures...

Classifying mental stress from eye tracking data: deep learning approaches for out-of-the-lab conditions.

Eye-tracking signals such as pupil diameter and gaze behavior have been widely used for stress detection, yet most approaches rely on task-specific fe...

Astrobiology in the Time of Artificial Intelligence.

The Viking missions showcased multiple spaceflight technologies that represented state-of-the-art capabilities: From digital line-scan imaging to the ...

A Socioeconomic Assessment of Projected Health Impacts From Outdoor Air Pollution Under Current European Climate Policy: A Modelling Study.

BACKGROUND: Outdoor air pollution poses a major threat to human health and is closely interlinked to climate change, as both stem largely from the sam...

Differentiating Ischemic From Nonischemic T-Wave Inversion Using a Multimodal Vision-Language Model With Reinforcement Learning (ECG-R1): Development and Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: The differentiation of primary ischemic from secondary nonischemic T-wave inversion (TWI) on electrocardiograms (ECGs) presents a critical...

Design of three-mode free-form nanostructured optical fibers: comparison of dense and convolutional neural networks in Generative Inverse Design Networks approach.

We report a numerical study on the inverse design of the internal structure of weakly coupled three-mode fibers. We explored a new class of optical fi...