Ophthalmology

Latest AI and machine learning research in ophthalmology for healthcare professionals.

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Answer-Conditioned Chain-of-Thought Distillation for Few-Shot Industrial Vision with Small VLMs

Deploying AI-based visual inspection in manufacturing is hard because requirements change often, new defect types appear, and large labeled datasets are rarely available. We propose answer-conditioned chain-of-thought (CoT) distillation for rapidly adapting small vision-language models (VLMs) to new industrial tasks using minimal labeled data. A frontier VLM receives each training image along with...

Jul 12 2026 2607.10666v1

RED-Sphere: Hyperspherical Residual Edge Debiasing for Cross-Population Fundus Disease Domain Generalization

Medical image classifiers are often trained within one source population, yet clinical deployment requires robustness to patients whose appearance, acquisition style, and disease prevalence differ from the source cohort. Existing fairness and robustness methods often require group supervision or treat appearance variation as an undifferentiated nuisance, which is insufficient when population-corre...

Jul 12 2026 2607.10777v1
Optimizing MR-based gaze-decoding for eyes-closed eye-tracking in fMRI

Eye movements provide valuable insights into human cognition and are a critical variable in numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) stud...

On Locality and Length Generalization in Visual Reasoning

A striking feature of the human visual system is that it ingests visual information through a series of local foveated glimpses, rather than a single ...

Jul 10 2026 2607.09061v1
Subtoken Vision Transformer for Fine-grained Recognition

We present Subtoken Vision Transformer (SubViT), a selective image tokenization method for fine-grained visual recognition. Standard Vision Transforme...

Jul 10 2026 2607.09086v1
IB-Flow: Information Bottleneck-Guided CFG Distillation for Few-Step Text-to-Image Generation

While large-scale text-to-image generative models have achieved unprecedented visual performance, their inherent reliance on multi-step iterative solv...

Jul 10 2026 2607.09133v1
Super-Generalist: Towards Comprehensive and Accurate Medical Image Understanding via Generalist-Specialist Synergy

Medical images require comprehensive and accurate interpretation to support the diagnosis of diverse clincial conditions. Recent vision-language gener...

Jul 10 2026 2607.09135v1
Decoupling Language Guidance from Backbones for Text-Guided Medical Segmentation

Text-guided medical image segmentation leverages clinical semantics to improve lesion delineation, yet many existing models bind cross-modal fusion, s...

Jul 10 2026 2607.09481v1
SigLIP-HD by Fine-to-Coarse Supervision

High-quality visual representation is a long-standing pursuit in computer vision. In the context of multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), feeding higher-resolution...

Jul 10 2026 2607.09488v1
Seeing is Free, Speaking is Not: Uncovering the True Energy Bottleneck in Edge VLM Inference

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are the perceptual backbone of embodied AI, but their energy footprint on edge hardware remains poorly understood. Exist...

Jul 10 2026 2607.09520v1
ALICE: Learning a General-Purpose Pathology Foundation Model from Vision, Vision-Language, and Slide-Level Experts

Foundation models are reshaping computational pathology, yet their capabilities remain shaped by pretraining objectives, data sources, and spatial sca...

Jul 10 2026 2607.09526v1
Evolution of Accuracy and Visual-Cognitive Errors in a Decade of Vision-Language AI Models

Vision language models (VLMs) have made remarkable progress in visual reasoning during the last decade. Most evaluations have used simple scenes (MS-C...

Jul 10 2026 2607.09654v1
Thematic Shifts in Early-High-Impact Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics Research: A Bibliometric and Semantic Analysis

Cancer genomics and diagnostics is a rapidly evolving field in which identifying which topics attract early citation prominence can inform laboratory ...

Texture Representations in Deep Vision Models: Comparing CNNs, Vision Transformers, and Human Perception

In computational vision science, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have emerged as a popular model of biological vision because of the alignment th...

Jul 9 2026 2607.08321v1
Cognitive-structured Multimodal Agent for Multimodal Understanding, Generation, and Editing

Recent unified multimodal models show a single architecture can jointly perform vision/language understanding and image generation/editing. However, t...

Jul 9 2026 2607.08497v1
VocaDet: Sample-Driven Open-Vocabulary Object Detection and Segmentation via Visual Tokenization and Vector Database Retrieval

Open-vocabulary object detection and segmentation aim to recognize arbitrary objects beyond predefined categories. Although recent vision-language and...

Jul 9 2026 2607.08541v1
Retina-derived Quantitative Biomarkers of Brain Health

Accurate and scalable assessment of quantitative neuroimaging biomarkers, such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and hippocampal (HIP) volumes, i...

Seeing What Matters: Lesion-Aware High-Resolution Patch Discovery and Fusion for Chest X-ray Report Generation

Despite rapid advances in chest X-ray (CXR) foundation models, most radiology report generation (RRG) systems still rely on heavily downsampled inputs...

Jul 8 2026 2607.06909v1
AnchorPrune: Relevance-Anchored Contextual Expansion for Visual Token Pruning

Large vision-language models incur substantial inference costs because high-resolution inputs introduce thousands of visual tokens, many of which are ...

Jul 8 2026 2607.07033v1
Video-Based Detection of squint and cataract for accessibility-aware adaptive web interface rendering

Squint and cataract are major ocular disorders that majorly affect visual perception and interaction capability. This paper proposes a real-time video...

Jul 8 2026 2607.07099v1
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