Ophthalmology

Latest AI and machine learning research in ophthalmology for healthcare professionals.

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Deep learning for interactive and automated inner retinal layer segmentation in OCT images of patients with retinitis pigmentosa using limited training data

Purpose: New therapeutic strategies such as optogenetics have created a need for accurate tracking of inner retina degeneration in Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients. We introduce two tailored deep learning models to segment the RNFL (retinal nerve fibre layer), GCIPL (ganglion cell inner plexiform layer), INL (inner nuclear layer), CFT (central foveal thickness) and RPE (retinal pigment epitheliu...

Identification of Direct and Network-Mediated Activation of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Visually Evoked Potentials Using Machine Learning

Objective. To preserve the encoding of visual information in prosthetic vision as close to natural as possible, subretinal photovoltaic implants, which replace the lost photoreceptors, strive to stimulate the second-order retinal neurons, the bipolar cells, while avoiding direct activation of the downstream retinal ganglion cells. To assess the range of such selective subretinal activation, we imp...

From Bounding Boxes to Visual Reasoning: An On-Policy Data Annotation Tool for Vision-Language Models

Vision-language models (VLMs) are rapidly advancing toward sophisticated grounded structured visual reasoning. Training models for such advanced capab...

Jun 17 2026 2606.18846v1
Test-Time Adaptation in Optical Coherence Tomography Using Trajectory-Aligned Time-Independent Flow

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is essential in ophthalmology, but inconsistent image quality especially in low-cost devices hinders automated anal...

Jun 17 2026 2606.18876v1
Benchmarking Large Vision-Language Models on Fine-Grained Image Tasks: From Evaluation to Diagnosis

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable multimodal perception and reasoning capabilities. While numer...

Jun 17 2026 2606.19053v1
AMALIA-VL: A Native European Portuguese Open-Source Vision and Language Model

Large Vision and Language Models (LVLMs) have advanced rapidly, yet European Portuguese (pt-PT) remains systematically underserved by existing open-so...

Jun 17 2026 2606.19100v1
ERQA-Plus: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Reasoning in Embodied AI

Generalist embodied agents require more than object recognition: they must reason about spatial relations, actions, procedures, human intentions, envi...

Jun 16 2026 2606.17639v2
A Systematic Review and Independent Benchmarking of Automated Nerve Morphometry Methods

Objective: To systematically review automated nerve morphometry tools and independently benchmark their performance on independent optic nerve dataset...

Attention Alignment Between Humans and Vision-Language Models

Visual perception depends on top-down goals and bottom-up sensory mechanisms. Vision-language models implement both, allowing us to treat each compone...

Jun 16 2026 2606.17410v1
ERQA-Plus: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Reasoning in Embodied AI

Generalist embodied agents require more than object recognition: they must reason about spatial relations, actions, procedures, human intentions, envi...

Jun 16 2026 2606.17639v1
Plug-and-Adapt: Multimodal Coreference Resolution at First Sight with a Pretrained Alignment Model

Visual information helps resolve ambiguity in coreference resolution, leading to notable performance gains. However, existing Multi-modal Coreference ...

Jun 16 2026 2606.17950v1
MLLMs Get It Right, Then Get It Wrong: Tracing and Correcting Late-Layer Textual Bias

When vision contradicts text, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) consistently favor text, even when images provide clear evidence otherwise. Thi...

Jun 16 2026 2606.17953v1
PhaseWin: An Efficient Search Algorithm for Faithful Visual Attribution

Visual attribution is a fundamental tool for interpreting modern vision and vision-language models, particularly when their decisions must be inspecte...

Jun 16 2026 2606.18008v1
Unified Multimodal Autoregressive Modeling with Shared Context-Visual Tokenizer is Key to Unification

Unified Multimodal Modeling aims to integrate visual understanding and generation within a single system. However, existing approaches typically rely ...

Jun 16 2026 2606.18249v1
Contrastive Action-Image Pre-training for Visuomotor Control

Existing vision encoders for robotics face a fundamental bottleneck: robotic datasets lack the scale necessary for large-scale pre-training. Prior wor...

Jun 15 2026 2606.17256v1
GLLaucoMed: A Secure LLM-Powered Agentic Workflow for Automated Medication Extraction from Free-Text Glaucoma Clinical Notes

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in extracting medication-related information from glaucoma clinical notes in the ele...

When Confidence Lacks Concepts: Interpretable OOD Detection via Representation Perturbations

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable performance across medical imaging tasks, yet their tendency to overgeneralize under distributional shif...

Jun 15 2026 2606.16196v1
Learned Image Compression for Vision-Language-Action Models

Vision-language-action (VLA) models increasingly rely on high-frequency multi-camera observations, making visual communication a major bottleneck for ...

Jun 15 2026 2606.16253v1
Chronological Blindness: Benchmarking Temporal Reasoning in Vision-Language Models with CHRONOSIGHT

Human perception of visual scenes is inherently temporal. We instinctively recognise whether a fruit is ripening or rotting, whether construction is p...

Jun 15 2026 2606.16334v1
Look Again Before You Abstain:Budgeted Conformal Evidence Acquisition for Reliable Vision-Language Model

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) hallucinate: they assert visual details that the image does not support. A principled remedy is selective predict...

Jun 15 2026 2606.16667v1
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