Ophthalmology

Latest AI and machine learning research in ophthalmology for healthcare professionals.

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Showing 4141-4160 of 9,853 articles

UltraVR: A Diagnostic Ultra-Resolution Image-VQA Benchmark for Evidence-Grounded Reasoning

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel on visual question answering and multimodal reasoning benchmarks. Yet their capability on ultra-resolution images - where critical evidence is tiny, subtle, spatially distant, or distributed - remains unclear. Existing evaluations largely report final-answer accuracy, offering limited insight into whether models acquire and integrate the necessary visual evidenc...

Jun 4 2026 2606.05576v1

Symmetric Divergence and Normalized Similarity: A Unified Topological Framework for Representation Analysis

Topological Data Analysis (TDA) offers a principled, intrinsic lens for comparing neural representations. However, existing paired topological divergences (e.g., RTD) are limited by heuristic asymmetry and, more critically, unbounded scores that depend on sample size, hindering reliable cross-scenario benchmarking. To address these challenges, we develop a unified topological toolkit serving two c...

Jun 4 2026 2606.06342v1
EasyLens: A Training-Free Plug-and-Play Subtle-Lesion Representation Amplifier for Medical Vision-Language Models

Medical vision-language models (VLMs) have shown increasing potential for clinical image interpretation, including lesion detection and report generat...

Jun 4 2026 2606.06379v1
A Vision-language Framework for Comparative Reasoning in Radiology

Medical imaging artificial intelligence has achieved strong performance in isolated image interpretation, but remains poorly aligned with radiological...

Jun 4 2026 2606.06407v1
Thinking with Imagination: Agentic Visual Spatial Reasoning with World Simulators

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown strong visual reasoning capabilities, their spatial reasoning abilities remain largely constrained to t...

Jun 4 2026 2606.06476v1
Inside the Visual Mind: Neuroscience-Motivated Concept Circuits for Interpreting and Steering Vision Transformers

Despite high accuracy, Vision Transformer (ViT) predictions can be driven by spurious cues, raising the need to understand their inner workings before...

Jun 4 2026 2606.06664v1
MMBU: A Massive Multi-modal Biomedical Understanding Benchmark to Probe the Perception Capabilities of Vision-Language Models

Vision and language models (VLMs) hold immense promise to transform biomedical imaging workflows, from detecting lesions in chest X-rays to profiling ...

Jun 4 2026 2606.06696v1
MedSIGHT: Towards Grounded Visual Comprehension in Medical Large Vision-Language Models

Medical large vision-language models (Med-LVLMs) have recently achieved remarkable progress in vision-language comprehension and medical image segment...

Jun 4 2026 2606.06760v1
Phenotypic Profiles of Suicidal Ideation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach

Suicidal ideation in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is common and clinically significant, yet much of the existing literature conceptualizes suic...

Neovascular Glaucoma at a Tertiary Centre in Finland, 2008-2024: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background/Aims: Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is an aggressive secondary glaucoma with limited longitudinal data. This study reports the aetiologies, tr...

Developing and Evaluating Deep Learning Approaches for Visual Field Denoising in Glaucoma

Purpose To investigate the relative efficacy of nine distinct visual field (VF) denoising artificial intelligence (AI) methods and a pathology-aware A...

Reliability and Concurrent Validity of a Computer Vision-Based Tool for Quantitative Finger Movement Analysis

Background: Accurate evaluation of fine motor abilities is a key aspect of neurological rehabilitation. However, conventional approaches like goniomet...

Eyewire II - A connectomic resource for resolving cell types and circuits of the mouse retina

Comprehensive wiring diagrams from electron microscopy (EM) are a powerful tool to understand the inner workings of the brain. The retina is an easily...

VOGeo-Gaze: Calibration-Free, Geometry-Aware Deep Learning for Real-Time Gaze Tracking in Clinical Video-Oculography

Quantitative eye movement analysis is important for neuro- logical diagnostics, yet existing video-oculography (VOG) systems typ- ically require calib...

Intact early visual representations, not phosphene-adapted features, account for human perceptual behavior with retinal prostheses

Efforts to restore vision via neural implants have outpaced the ability to predict what users will perceive, leaving patients and clinicians without r...

Deriving OCT-Equivalent Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Maps from Fundus Photographs with Deep Learning Improves Glaucoma Diagnosis

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a deep learning model that predicts optical coherence tomography (OCT)-equivalent retinal nerve fiber layer thickness...

Deep Learning Prediction of Personalized Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Norms from Fundus Images in Glaucoma

Purpose: To predict retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) norms from fundus images. Methods: We selected 18,000 OCT scans and visual fields (VF)...

Protracted prediction: Neurodevelopment of reward processing in the adolescent cerebellum.

Adolescence is characterized by heightened reward sensitivity, novelty seeking, and risky decision-making. Prevailing neurodevelopmental frameworks ty...

Comparative Study of Vision-Based Metric Measurement for Large-Scale Planar Scenes

Vision-based metric distance and area measurement remains challenging in large-scale outdoor environments due to long-range sensing, camera zoom, and ...

May 26 2026 2605.26475v1
Variational Inference for Evidential Deep Learning

While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) achieve remarkable performance, their tendency to produce overconfident predictions. Evidential Deep Learning (EDL) ...

May 26 2026 2605.26477v1
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