Ophthalmology

Latest AI and machine learning research in ophthalmology for healthcare professionals.

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VISION-SLS: Safe Perception-Based Control from Learned Visual Representations via System Level Synthesis

We propose VISION-SLS, a method for nonlinear output-feedback control from high-resolution RGB images which provides robust constraint satisfaction guarantees under calibrated uncertainty bounds despite partial observability, sensor noise, and nonlinear dynamics. To enable scalability while retaining guarantees, we propose: (i) a learned low-dimensional observation map from pretrained visual featu...

Apr 27 2026 2604.24894v1

A prognostic signature based on ectopic reactivation of eight tissue-specific genes in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma.

Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive lymphoma in the Western world. First-line immunochemotherapy fails in approximately 30-40% of patients, with refractory and relapse patients presenting a dismal prognosis. Currently, these high-risk patients cannot be accurately identified at diagnosis. Using statistical modeling and machine learning approaches applied to large pu...

Deep Learning-Guided Holotomography Reveals Early Structural Remodelling During Pluripotency Exit

Real-time assessment of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) quality is critical for reproducibility and safety in regenerative medicine, yet current me...

Multi-View Synergistic Learning with Vision-Language Adaption for Low-Resource Biomedical Image Classification

Accurate biomedical image classification under low-resource conditions remains challenging due to limited annotations, subtle inter-class visual diffe...

Apr 27 2026 2604.23977v1
Progressive Approximation in Deep Residual Networks: Theory and Validation

The Universal Approximation Theorem (UAT) guarantees universal function approximation but does not explain how residual models distribute approximatio...

Apr 27 2026 2604.24154v1
SycoPhantasy: Quantifying Sycophancy and Hallucination in Small Open Weight VLMs for Vision-Language Scoring of Fantasy Characters

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed as evaluators in tasks requiring nuanced image understanding, yet their reliability in scoring...

Apr 27 2026 2604.24346v1
Geometric Analysis of Self-Supervised Vision Representations for Semantic Image Retrieval

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems enable users to search images based on visual content instead of relying on metadata. The text domain has...

Apr 27 2026 2604.24469v1
Tuna-2: Pixel Embeddings Beat Vision Encoders for Multimodal Understanding and Generation

Unified multimodal models typically rely on pretrained vision encoders and use separate visual representations for understanding and generation, creat...

Apr 27 2026 2604.24763v1
Risk-Aware Robust Learning: Reducing Clinical Risk under Label Noise in Medical Image Classification

Noisy labels are a pervasive challenge in medical image classification, where annotation errors arise from inter-observer variability and diagnostic a...

Apr 26 2026 2604.23875v1
Cross-Species Adaptation of RETFound for Rodent OCT Age Estimation Reveals Strong CNN Baselines in Data-Scarce Space Biology

Space-biology imaging studies are often constrained by severe data scarcity, limiting the development of robust machine-learning biomarkers. Rodent sp...

Towards Safe Mobility: A Unified Transportation Foundation Model enabled by Open-Ended Vision-Language Dataset

Urban transportation systems face growing safety challenges that require scalable intelligence for emerging smart mobility infrastructures. While rece...

Apr 24 2026 2604.22260v1
Distilling Vision Transformers for Distortion-Robust Representation Learning

Self-supervised learning has achieved remarkable success in learning visual representations from clean data, yet remains challenging when clean observ...

Apr 24 2026 2604.22529v1
Multimodal prediction of visual improvement in diabetic macular edema using real-world electronic health records and optical coherence tomography images

Multimodal learning has the potential to improve clinical prediction by integrating complementary data sources, but the incremental value of imaging b...

Kernel Contracts: A Specification Language for ML Kernel Correctness Across Heterogeneous Silicon

Every ML kernel ships with an implicit contract about what it computes. People rarely write the contract down. When two kernels disagree -- when a mat...

Apr 23 2026 2604.22032v1
Entrenchment of germline amino-acid differences in antibody affinity maturation

Entrenchment - epistasis that locks in amino acid differences between homologous proteins, so each disfavors substitutions toward the other's state - ...

GraphLeap: Decoupling Graph Construction and Convolution for Vision GNN Acceleration on FPGA

Vision Graph Neural Networks (ViGs) represent an image as a graph of patch tokens, enabling adaptive, feature-driven neighborhoods. Unlike CNNs with f...

Apr 23 2026 2604.21290v1
Symbolic Grounding Reveals Representational Bottlenecks in Abstract Visual Reasoning

Vision--language models (VLMs) often fail on abstract visual reasoning benchmarks such as Bongard problems, raising the question of whether the main b...

Apr 23 2026 2604.21346v1
VG-CoT: Towards Trustworthy Visual Reasoning via Grounded Chain-of-Thought

The advancement of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) requires precise local region-based reasoning that faithfully grounds the model's logic in act...

Apr 23 2026 2604.21396v1
Seeing Isn't Believing: Uncovering Blind Spots in Evaluator Vision-Language Models

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used to evaluate outputs of other models, for image-to-text (I2T) tasks such as visual question a...

Apr 23 2026 2604.21523v1
Multiscale Super Resolution without Image Priors

We address the ambiguities in the super-resolution problem under translation. We demonstrate that combinations of low-resolution images at different s...

Apr 23 2026 2604.21810v1
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