Ophthalmology

Spatial distribution patterns and formation of global spermatophytes.

The evolution of spermatophytes (seed plants) is relatively well known in their evolutionary relationships over temporal changes, but their spatial evolution is another critical yet often neglected lens, especially using a taxon-based approach. Here, by integrating geographic distributions and origin locations across 429 spermatophyte families worldwide with unsupervised machine learning approache...

RSF-Conv: Rotation-and-Scale Equivariant Fourier Parameterized Convolution for Retinal Vessel Segmentation.

Retinal vessel segmentation is of great clinical significance for the diagnosis of many eye-related diseases, but it is still a formidable challenge due to the intricate vascular morphology. With the skillful characterization of the translation symmetry existing in retinal vessels, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved great success in retinal vessel segmentation. However, the rotatio...

Advancements in Machine Learning for Precision Diagnostics and Surgical Interventions in Interconnected Musculoskeletal and Visual Systems.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping precision medicine by revealing diagnostic links between ocular biomarkers and systemic musculoskeletal diso...

Large language model-based multimodal system for detecting and grading ocular surface diseases from smartphone images.

BACKGROUND: The development of medical artificial intelligence (AI) models is primarily driven by the need to address healthcare resource scarcity, pa...

iPSC-RPE patch restores photoreceptors and regenerates choriocapillaris in a pig retinal degeneration model.

Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of untreatable vision loss. In advanced cases, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell los...

Revealing 3D microanatomical structures of unlabeled thick cancer tissues using holotomography and virtual H&E staining.

In histopathology, acquiring subcellular-level three-dimensional (3D) tissue structures efficiently and without damaging the tissues during serial sec...

Optical coherence tomography angiography as a tool for diagnosis and monitoring of sickle cell related eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sickle cell retinopathy (SCR) is an ocular manifestation of sickle cell disease (SCD). In SCR abnormal sickling of erythrocytes is associated with sig...

Temporary circulatory support for cardiogenic shock.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Temporary circulatory support (TCS) devices play a crucial role in stabilizing patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. They pro...

Machine learning-driven prediction of cycloplegic refractive error in Chinese children.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate machine learning (ML) models for predicting cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) using non-cycloplegic...

Emergence of human-like attention and distinct head clusters in self-supervised vision transformers: A comparative eye-tracking study.

Visual attention models aim to predict human gaze behavior, yet traditional saliency models and deep gaze prediction networks face limitations. Salien...

Validation of a deep learning model for the automated detection and quantification of cystoid macular oedema on optical coherence tomography in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

PURPOSE: Accurate assessment of cystoid macular oedema (CMO) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomograph...

Phase recognition in manual Small-Incision cataract surgery with MS-TCN + + on the novel SICS-105 dataset.

Manual Small-Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) is a prevalent technique in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) but understudied with respect to co...

Recent advances (2022-2024) in eye-tracking for Parkinson's disease: a promising tool for diagnosing and monitoring symptoms.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms, i...

Enhancing pathological myopia diagnosis: a bimodal artificial intelligence approach integrating fundus and optical coherence tomography imaging for precise atrophy, traction and neovascularisation grading.

BACKGROUND: Pathological myopia (PM) has emerged as a leading cause of global visual impairment, early detection and precise grading of PM are crucial...

Ophthalmic Image Synthesis and Analysis with Generative Adversarial Network Artificial Intelligence.

Generative adversarial networks (GANs), introduced by Ian Goodfellow in 2014, have revolutionized adversarial machine learning, particularly in data s...

An Artificial Intelligence Method for Phenotyping of OCT-Derived Thickness Maps Using Unsupervised and Self-supervised Deep Learning.

The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of ophthalmic disease physiology and genetic architecture through the analysis of optical ...

Segmentation of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas: Introducing DRU-Net and Multi-Lens Distortion.

The increased workload in pathology laboratories today means automated tools such as artificial intelligence models can be useful, helping pathologist...

Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Precision Therapeutics for Advancing the Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial retinal disease influenced by complex molecular mechanisms, including genetic susceptibilit...

Analysis of Standard Automated Visual Field Tests in Glaucoma and the Role of Facial Contour.

PRCIS: Using a CNN-enhanced platform, 60-4 visual fields identified peripheral glaucomatous defects missed by central testing in mild cases; facial co...

Synergistic AI-resident approach achieves superior diagnostic accuracy in tertiary ophthalmic care for glaucoma and retinal disease.

INTRODUCTION: Artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise in ophthalmology, but its potential in tertiary care settings in Latin America remains unders...